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BMAT Revision > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

What is an insulator?

A

It is a substance which does not allow electricity to pass through.

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2
Q

What subatomic particle is responsible for electrostatic charge?

A

Electrons are responsible.

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3
Q

What is an electrical conductor?

A

A material which allows electricity to pass through.

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4
Q

What is the difference between AC and DC current?

A

DC - current that is always in the same direction.
AC - current that repeatedly changes direction.

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5
Q

What is electrical charge measured in?

A

Charge or Q is measured in coulombs, C.

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6
Q

What are properties of magnetics?

A

They have two poles.
Like poles repel
Opposite poles attract
Forces are strongest the closer the magnetics are.

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7
Q

What’s the formula for current?

A

Charge Q / Time T

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8
Q

What’s the formula for resistance?

A

Voltage / Current

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9
Q

Define resistance.

A

It is the measure of the opposite to current flow in an electrical circuit.

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10
Q

Describe a soft magnetic material

A

Easy to magnetise but easy to demagnetise.

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11
Q

Describe a hard magnetic material

A

Hard to magnetise but hard to demagnetise.

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12
Q

Name key points about magnetic fields.

A

Predicted using the right hand rule.
Fields can be controlled by controlling current.
Clockwise - South
Anti-clockwise - North

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13
Q

Name some typical UK voltages.

A

Transformer - 11kw - 33kw
Transmisison - 275kv - 400kv
Consumer use - 230kv

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14
Q

What is Faraday

A

Faraday represents 1 mole of electrons.
equal to 96,500 coulombs

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15
Q

How do you calculate charged transferred?

A

Charge Q = Current I x time t

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16
Q

Define charged transferred?

A

It is the amount of charge transferred during electrolysis.

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17
Q

What values are needed to calculate the mass of a substance?

A

Charge transferred
Faraday
Ar or Mr

18
Q

What is the molar volume of gas?

A

It is 24dm3 or 24,000cm3

19
Q

Name the properties of all electromagnetic waves.

A

Travel in a vacuum
Emit energy via radiation
Travel at the same speed in vacuum

20
Q

What are the properties of long wavelengths?

A

low frequency
Low energy

21
Q

What are the properties of short wavelengths?

A

High frequency
High energy

22
Q

What does this mean?
Roman
Men
Invent
Very
Unusual
X-Ray
Guns

A

Radio waves
Micro waves
Infrared
Visible Light
Ultraviolet
X-Ray
Gamma

23
Q

What’s the difference between red light and violet light?

A

Red light is the lowest frequency of visible light
Violet is the highest frequency of visible light.

24
Q

What’s the difference between mass and weight?

A

Mass is a measure of the resistance of an object to acceleration.
Weight is a force of gravity acting on an object.

25
Q

What’s Newton’s second law?

A

Force = Mass * acceleration

26
Q

What’s the formula for acceleration?

A

Change in velocity / time

27
Q

What’s the formula for velocity?

A

Change in displacement / time

28
Q

What’s the formula for speed?

A

Distance / time

29
Q

Define the term half-life.

A

Means the average time taken for half the nuclei in a sample of an isotope to decay.

30
Q

Name the hazards if ionising radiation.

A

Can damage human tissue.
Damage DNA
Damage plant cells
Radiation poisoning.

31
Q

How to calculate the speed of wavelengths?

A

First need velocity = wavelength * frequency.
Then divide the distance of the medium with the velocity to get speed.

32
Q

Define an isotope

A

Each element can exist as more than one possible nucleotide.
Nucleotide of the same element are known as isotopes.

33
Q

What’s a nucleotide

A

Any type of nucleus.
Characterised by the number of protons and neutrons it has.

34
Q

Define the process of loosing/gaining electrons.

A

Ionisation

35
Q

What kinds of radiation is emitted when nuclei decay?

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

36
Q

Describe the random nature of emissions.

A

Not possible to predict nuclei decay.
No known cause.
No way to make it happen sooner.

37
Q

What are the relative charges of the three types of radiation?

A

Alpha - +2
Beta - -1
Gamma - 0

38
Q

Define penetrating ability of nuclear radiation.

A

How easily a type of radiation penetrates through materials.

39
Q

What is the penetrating ability of Beta radiation?

A

Blocked by thin material
Not blocked by human skin
Penetrates several meters in the air.

40
Q

What’s the penetrating ability of gamma?

A

Requires centimetres of dense material like lead to block.
Penetrate hundreds of metres in the air.

41
Q

What’s the penetrating ability of alpha?

A

Blocked by sheet of paper.
Blocked by human skin
Penetrate few centimetres in air.

BMAT Revision (3 decks)

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