Physics

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

The basic unit of matter and the smallest particle that retains its characteristics in a chemical reaction.

Question 2

What is charge separation?

Answer 2

The imbalance of charges between two locations (also known as ‘static electricity’).

Question 3

What is a conductor?

Answer 3

A material that has free electrons and allows electrons to flow through it.

Question 4

What is electric current?

Answer 4

The flow of charges from one location to another, measured in amperes (A).

Question 5

What is electrical resistance?

Answer 5

The opposition to electron flow provided by a material, measured in ohms (Ω).

Question 6

What is elementary charge?

Answer 6

The size of the charge of a single electron or proton.

Question 7

What is EMF?

Answer 7

The energy (per unit charge) provided to a circuit by a power source, measured in volts (V).

Question 8

What is energy?

Answer 8

The ability to do work, measured in joules (J).

Question 9

What is a free electron?

Answer 9

An electron that is not tightly held by its nucleus.

Question 10

What is an insulator?

Answer 10

A material that does not have free electrons and typically does not allow charge to flow through it.

Question 11

What is an ion?

Answer 11

A particle that has a positive or negative charge.

Question 12

What is a load?

Answer 12

Any part of an electrical circuit that transforms electrical potential energy into another kind of energy.

Question 13

What is potential difference?

Answer 13

The energy (per unit charge) transformed by a load, measured in volts (V).

Question 14

What is power?

Answer 14

The amount of energy that is transformed by a load every second.

Question 15

What is a resistor?

Answer 15

An object that resists the flow of electrons.

Question 16

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

Answer 16

Energy can only be transformed or transferred, but not created or destroyed.

Question 17

What are the sub-atomic particles?

Answer 17

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

Question 18

What are the symbols for each particle?

Answer 18

Protons - P+
Electrons - e-
Neutron - n^o

Question 19

What are the Mass of each particle?

Answer 19

Protons - 1
Neutrons - 1
Electrons - 1/2000

Question 20

What are the charges of each particle?

Answer 20

Protons: +1
Neutrons: 0
Electrons: -1

Question 21

Where are the particles located in the atom?

Answer 21

Protons - Nucleus
Electrons - Electron cloud
Neutrons - Nucleus

Question 22

What is the Law of Electrostatic Attraction?

Answer 22

Objects that are oppositely charged will feel an attractive force toward each other, but objects that are similarly charged will feel a repulsive force away from each other

Question 23

What are three ways an object can be neutralised?

Answer 23

1) The object can come into contact with the ground
2) The object can sit in the air for long periods of time
3) The object can be brought near, or touch, another object that has opposite charge

Question 24

What is the relationship between EMF across an object and current through the object?

Answer 24

the greater the EMF across an object is, the greater the current through the object is

Question 25

What is the relationship between resistance of an object and current through the object?

Answer 25

As the resistance of an object increases, the current moving through the object will decrease (if the voltage is constant).

Question 26

Recall the four factors that affect the resistance in a wire

Answer 26

Length, thickness, temperature and material

Question 27

the relationship between these 4 factors and resistance (where possible)

Answer 27

Length: As length increases, resistance increases Thickness: As thickness increases, resistance decreases Temperature: As temperature increases, resistance increases Material: As material changes, resistance changes

Question 28

What is Ohms Law?

Answer 28

V = IR

Question 29

What is an ohmic resistor?

Answer 29

A resistor that follows Ohm's Law - the current flowing through it is directly proportional to the voltage across it, and its resistance remains constant regardless of the current or voltage.

Question 30

What is a non ohmic resistor?

Answer 30

A resistor where the resistance is not constant and does not follow Ohm's Law (V = IR), meaning the relationship between voltage and current is not linear. When voltage is increased, temperature is increased

Question 31

what are the components of a complete circuit?

Answer 31

A load, a source of power and a conductor

Question 32

How does a simple incandescent light bulb work?

Answer 32

an electric current is passed through a thin metal filament, heating the filament until it glows and produces light.

Question 33

How are voltage, current and resistance measured and in what way are they connected to the circuit?

Answer 33

Voltage - Voltmeter, wired in parallel Current - Ammeter, wired in a series Resistance - ohmmeter, wired in parallel