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BTEC Unit 5 > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

How do you convert from cm to m?

A

divide by 100

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2
Q

what are the units for energy?

A

Joules

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3
Q

How do you convert oC into K

A

+273

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4
Q

What is work done

A

the energy transferred from one store to another

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5
Q

In the equation for work done

Delta W = F x Delta s

What does F stand for?

A

Force

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6
Q

In the equation for work done

Delta W = F x Delta s

What does Delta s stand for?

A

change in displacement

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7
Q

In the equation for work done

Delta W = p x Delta V

What does p stand for?

A

pressure

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8
Q

In the equation for work done

Delta W = p x Delta V

What does Delta V stand for?

A

Change in volume

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9
Q

what is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

0.5 x mass x velocity squared

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10
Q

what is the equation for elastic energy?

A

0.5 x spring constant x extension squared

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11
Q

what is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

A

GPE= gravity x height x mass

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12
Q

what is the definition for power?

A

power is the amount of energy transferred per second

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13
Q

what is the equation for power?

A

power = work done divided by time

or

power = energy transferred divided by time

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14
Q

what is the equation for pressure?

A

pressure= force divided area

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15
Q

described what the origin of gas pressure is

A

particles that have a lot of kinetic energy causes the particles to collide which exerts a force on each other and on the container

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16
Q

In the ideal gas equation:

pV = NkT

What does T stand for?

A

temperature

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17
Q

In the ideal gas equation:

pV = NkT

What does N stand for?

A

number of particles

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18
Q

In the ideal gas equation:

pV = NkT

What does V stand for?

A

volume

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19
Q

In the ideal gas equation:

pV = NkT

What does p stand for?

A

pressure

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20
Q

what is the equation for Boyles law?

A

pressure x volume = constant

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21
Q

what is thermal equilibrium?

A

when all states within a system are at the same temperature

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22
Q

define temperature

A

the measure of average kinetic energy of particles

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23
Q

The formula for energy transferred when a substance changes temperature is given by:

Delta Q = m x c x Delta T

What does Delta T mean?

A

change in temperature

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24
Q

The formula for energy transferred when a substance changes temperature is given by:

Delta Q = m x c x Delta T

What does c mean?

A

specific heat capacity

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25
The formula for energy transferred when a substance changes temperature is given by: Delta Q = m x c x Delta T What does Delta Q mean?
change in heat or energy transferred
26
The formula for energy transferred when a substance changes temperature is given by: Delta Q = m x c x Delta T What does m mean?
mass
27
In the equation for energy transferred when a substance changes state: Delta Q = m x L What does L stand for?
Specific latent heat
28
What is the definition for specific heat capacity?
the energy required to change the temperature of 1 kg of substance by 1K
29
what is the definition of specific latent heat ?
the energy required to change state of 1kg of substance
30
What is Latent fusion?
Change of state between solid and liquid e.g melting and freezing
31
What is latent vaporisation?
Change of state between liquid and gas e.g boiling and condensing
32
What is internal energy?
the sum of kinetic and potential energy of particles
33
In the equation for the first law of thermodynamics: Delta U = Q - W What does W mean?
work done by the system
34
In the equation for the first law of thermodynamics: Delta U = Q - W What does Q mean?
Heat added to the system
35
In the equation for the first law of thermodynamics: Delta U = Q - W What does Delta U mean?
Change in internal energy
36
What is an adiabatic reaction? (3 factors)
no net transfer of heat - Q = 0 Fast process
37
What is an isothermal reaction? (3 factors)
constant internal temperature slow temperature change Q = W
38
What does the 2nd law of thermodynamic state?
entropy (measure of disorder) always increases
39
The diagram shows a carnot cycle Label 4 --\> 3
adiabatic compression
40
The diagram shows a carnot cycle Label 1 --\> 4
isothermal compression
41
The diagram shows a carnot cycle Label 2 --\> 1
adiabatic expansion
42
The diagram shows a carnot cycle Label 3 --\> 2
Isothermal expansion
43
What does boyles law state?
that N and T are constant and that P and V are constant
44
What is the definition of elasticity?
the ability for an object to stretch and return back to its original state once the force is removed
45
What does Hooke's Law state?
states that force and extension are directly perportional
46
In the equation for Hooke's law? F = k x Delta x What does k mean?
Spring constant
47
In the equation for Hooke's law? F = k x Delta x What does F mean?
Force
48
In the equation for Hooke's law? F = k x Delta x What does Delta x mean?
Extension or change in length
49
How can you tell from a graph that a material is obeying Hooke's law?
The line is straight
50
For a force-extension graph what does the gradient show?
shows the spring constant
51
For a force-extension graph what does the area below the graph show?\>
Shows how much work is being done
52
On the graph what does point E label?
breaking point
53
On the graph what does point B label?
elastic limit
54
On the graph what does point A label?
limit of proportionality
55
Define stress?
The force per unit area of a material
56
What is the equation for stress?
stress = force / cross sectional area
57
What is the unit for stress?
N/M2
58
Define strain?
extension per unit length
59
What is the equation for strain?
extension / original length
60
What is the unit for strain?
no unit
61
What is the equation for young's modulus?
E= stress / strain
62
Define young's modulus?
measures stiffness of the material (stiffness constant)
63
Look at the stress/stress diagram. Which line represents a elastic material
C
64
Look at the stress/stress diagram. Which line represents a brittle material
B
65
Look at the stress/stress diagram. Which line represents a ductile material
D
66
What does the gradient represent on the young's modulus
it represents how stiff the material is
67
Up to what point of the youngs modulus apply to ?
the limit of proportionality.
68
Define brittle?
hard but liable to break (little or no plasticity)
69
Define ductile?
the ability to be shaped by plastic flow under tension
70
Define creep deformation?
slow version of plastic deformation but at a high temperature
71
Define malleable?
ability to be shaped by plastic flow under compression
72
Define fatigue?
weakness in a metal or other materials caused by repeated variations of stress
73
Define ultimate tensile stress?
highest stress a material can sustain just before it breaks
74
Define yield strength?
The stress at which plastic deformation starts
75
Define density?
amount of substance per unit volume
76
In the equation for density p = m / V what does V stand for? What are the units?
volume, m3
77
In the equation for density p = m / V what does m stand for? What are the units?
mass, kg
78
In the equation for density p = m / V what does p stand for? What are the units?
density, kg/m3
79
Define fluid
a substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to an external force
80
Describe a laminar flow?
- parallel path flows -slow and constant -less air resistance
81
Describe a turbulent flow?
-irregular flow -fast but inconsistent -more air resistance
82
Describe viscosity?
the state of being thick, sticky, and semi-fluid in consistency
83
What is the unit for viscosity?
kgm-1s-1
84
What are the 3 factors that affect viscosity?
-temperature -molecular structure -pressure
85
How does temperature affect viscosity of a liquid?
as temp increases the viscosity of the liquid lowers as it becomes easier for molecules to slide past each other
86
how does temperature affect a gas?
the increase in kinetic energy created collisions
87
What are newtonian fluids?
-predictable response to force -consistent viscosity
88
What are non-newtonian fluids?
-unpredictable response to force -inconsistent viscosity
89
Describe diliant (shear-thickening) how does the viscosity change?
changes viscosity when a force is applied viscosity rises with a rise in shear strain
90
Describe pseudoplastic (shear-thinning) how does the viscosity change?
when you apply a force it gets thinner viscosity decreases with a rise in shear strain
91
Describe rheopectic how does the viscosity change?
-time dependent when applying stress fluid gets thicker when no stress it starts to get thin -more viscous when stressed
92
Describe thixotropic how does the viscosity change?
-fluids thin gradually on stirring then slowly reset -less viscous overtime when stressed
93
Describe Bingham plastics how does the viscosity change?
-behaves like a solid at low stress but above a yield stress they begin to flow -solid at low stress and as a viscous fluid at higher stress
94
How do you convert from MW to W?
x 1000000
95
How do you convert from km to m?
/ 1000
96
How do you convert from mW to W?
/ 1000
97
How do you convert from GJ to J?
x 1000000000
98
What is the unit for power?
Watts
99
What is the unit for work done?
Joules (J)
100
Name two units for pressure?
Pa and N/m2
101
What is the unit for force?
Newton (N)
102
What three factors affect gas pressure?
temperature, volume of gas and number of particles
103
In which state do particles have the most kinetic energy?
gas
104
In which state do particles have the least kinetic energy?
solid
105
In which state do particles have the most internal energy?
gas
106
In which state do particles have the strongest intermolecular forces?
solid

BTEC Unit 5 (3 decks)

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