physics final Flashcards by grant Duvall

Coulomb’s Law

describes the force between 2 electric charges

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voltage

the work done per unit charge in moving a charge through an electric field

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dielectric

an insulator placed between the 2 plates of a parallel plate capacitor

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resistance

resistance of a conductor with unit length and unit cross-section

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inductor

a device made to store a significant amount of magnetic energy

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internal resistance

resistance of the substances inside a cell

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right hand rule with wire

a method of determining the direction of the B-field around a current carrying wire

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right hand rule for moving charges

arrange thumb and 1st 2 fingers perpendicular to each other

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magnetic flux

the intensity of a magnetic field penetrating a certain area

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Faraday’s law

the emf induced in a loop of wire is proportional to the rate of change of mag flux through the coil

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induction

the process of making emf in a conductor by relative motion between it and a B-field

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back emf

a Lenz’ law-type secondary emf produced in generator windings which opposes the original B-field

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transformer

devices that alter the voltage and current of E-energy

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step up transformer

a transformer designed to increase output voltage

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step down transformer

a transformer designed to decrease output voltage

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EM radiation

waves of E and B fields energy produced by oscillating charges

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RC circuits

a series circuit containing capacitor and resistance

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RL circuits

a series circuit containing an inductor and resistance

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time constant

time required for function to change to 1/e of its asymptote value

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rms current and voltage

root mean square

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capacitive reactance

tendency of a capacitor to obstruct AC

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inductive reactance

tendency of inductor to obstruct AC

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impedence

the tendancy of an RLC circuit to obstruct AC

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Total internal reflection

the reflection of all incident rays, in a dense medium, back into the medium

critical angel

angle of incidence causing a 90 degree angel of refraction for a ray passing out of a high-density medium into one of lower density

focal point

the point in space at which a converging lens focuses light rays

thin lens

a lens whose thickness is small in comparison to its focal length

aperture

an opening, as in a camera

Fresnel lenses

lenses with concentric rings having the surface contour of the equivalent ring of a thick lens

laser

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

Wien's law

predicts the peak wavelength emitted by an incandescent source based on its absolute temp

huygen's principle

wave energy travels in waves of constant wavelength

Raleigh criterion

defines the ability of optical equipment to resolve distinct objects in terms of the light wavelength and diameter of objective lens/mirror

resolution

the ability of of an optical instrument to distinguish different objects

acoustic intensity

the acoustic power passing through a unit area

decibel level

a logarithmic ratio of acoustic intensity and reference intensity

Faraday's constant

1 mole of electrons is 96,485 C/mol

subatomic particle

a particle making up the atom

becquerel

1 disintegration per sec

nucleon

particle in the nucleus which is stable

binding energy

force in the nucleus holding nucleons together

nuclide

any isotope of any element

Planck's postulate

energy interacts with atoms in certain quantized amounts

balmer series

visible spectral lines produced by the balmer equation

deBroglie waves

waves associated with matter according to the principle of duality

uncertainty principle

the belief that it is impossible to completely describe all properties of a particle

quantum number

a number specifying the energy of an electron in location about nucleus

grain boundary

a discontinuity between individual grains in a polycrystalline structure

microchip

an integrated circuit containing many microscopic pnjuction diodes and their components

Galilean relativity

no mechanical experiment can prove any IRF to be an absolute reference frame

Einsteinian relativity

no experiment at all can detect an ARF

electrodynamic phenomenon

phenomena acting on change in motion because of their charge

inertial mass

the true mass of a moving charge, after electrodynamic correction, constant with speed

rest mass

same value as inertial mass, but in RT assumed to grow as speed increases

Galilean velocity addition

computing the velocity of a moving object by adding to its velocity the velocity if its source

Lorentz-fitzgerald correction factor

usual name given to the quantity by1-(v2/cl)

special relativity

RT based on Einstein's postulates, which leads to time dilation, mass increase, and length contraction for macroscopic neutral objects

general relativity

developed to explain gravity, assumes space is curved and time is a 4th dimension