physics test 5

Question 1

spectroscopy

Answer 1

the study of the spectra of elements glowing with incandescence

Question 2

line spectrum

Answer 2

a discontinuous spectrum of one type generated by light passed through a thin slit in a spectroscope

Question 3

absorption spectra

Answer 3

a series of black spectral lines indicating energy frequencies absorbed by cool gasses surrounding a hot emitter

Question 4

balmer series

Answer 4

the visible spectral lines predicted by the balmer equation

Question 5

paschen series

Answer 5

H IR spectrum predicted by Rydburg equation with n1=3, and n2=4,5,6,7, ect

Question 6

lymon series

Answer 6

H UV spectrum predicted by Rydberg equation with n1=1, and n2=2,3,4,5,6, ect

Question 7

Blackbody Radiation

Answer 7

the continuous emitted by an incandescent solid or an incandescent mixture of gasses

Question 8

postulate

Answer 8

an idea that is put forth to describe a process, with no understanding why the idea works

Question 9

Planck’s postulate

Answer 9

energy interacts with atoms in certain quantized amounts

Question 10

planck’s constant

Answer 10

6.626 x 10^-34 J*s

Question 11

quantum

Answer 11

a discrete amount of energy interacting with matter, also called “photon”

Question 12

Bohr’s postulate

Answer 12

electrons do not lose energy in certain stable orbits called “fixed energy states”; they only lose or gain energy when moving from one level to another

Question 13

Quantum mechanics

Answer 13

the model of atomic scale interactions with energy based fundamentally on the postulates of Planck and Bohr

Question 14

Compton effect

Answer 14

diffraction of X-rays by a crystalline material

Question 15

DeBroglie waves

Answer 15

waves associated with matter according to the principle of duality

Question 16

principle of duality

Answer 16

the belief that matter and energy have dual natures

Question 17

correspondence principle

Answer 17

quantum mechanics theory should agree with older laws for macroscopic matter

Question 18

principle of complementarity

Answer 18

the belief that matter and energy must be described as both waves and particles

Question 19

wave equation

Answer 19

a partial differential equation supposed to describe the wave nature of material particles

Question 20

meta physical

Answer 20

a thing or concept believed to exist, but by nature it is unobservable

Question 21

determinism

Answer 21

the belief that all properties of a system are knowable in principle, even if our instruments are not capable of accomplishing this in practice

Question 22

quantum number

Answer 22

a number specifying the energy of an electron in location about a nucleus

Question 23

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 23

no 2 electrons in an atom can have the same 4 quantum numbers

Question 24

electron configuration

Answer 24

a model of electrons organization around the nucleus based on quantum number sequence

Question 25

atomic accelerators

Answer 25

devices capable of accelerating ions and subatomic particles to high speeds

Question 26

vom de graaf generator

Answer 26

an insulating belt moves electrons up to metal sphere which can discharge electrons

Question 27

cyclotron

Answer 27

a device exploiting the fact that charges move in a spiral path when accelerated perpendicular to a B-field

Question 28

anti particles and antimatter

Answer 28

particles and matter which supposedly annihilate ordinary matter and produce gamma rays

Question 29

high-energy physics

Answer 29

intense collisions between particles to produce conditions similar to alleged Big Bang

Question 30

force unification

Answer 30

attempt to explain all forces by 1 or a few general equations

Question 31

condensed matter

Answer 31

a solid crystalline substance

Question 32

crystalline solid

Answer 32

a solid made of a 3-d array or lattice of atoms

Question 33

polycrystalline solid

Answer 33

a solid sample made of many smaller crystals adjacent to each other

Question 34

grain boundary

Answer 34

a discontinuity between individual grains in a polycrystalline structure

Question 35

liquid crystal

Answer 35

a substance which which crystalline structure in only 1 or 2 dimensions

Question 36

ionic crystal

Answer 36

crystal made of positive and negative ions, often water-soluble

Question 37

covalent crystal

Answer 37

crystal made of atoms bonded by electron sharing

Question 38

metallic crystal

Answer 38

crystal and metal nuclei associated with free electrons

Question 39

electron gas

Answer 39

the randomly moving cloud of electrons interspersed between metal atoms in the free electrons

Question 40

Fermi energy

Answer 40

the max energy of an electron in the electron gas of the free electron model

Question 41

conductivity

Answer 41

reciprocal of reisitivity

Question 42

drift velocity

Answer 42

the speed at which electrons move through a conductor because of an applied electron field

Question 43

band gap

Answer 43

energy gap existing in the crystal latice according to band theory

Question 44

semi conductors

Answer 44

substances with a band gaps of sufficient width to conduct under some conditions and not others

Question 45

impure semiconductors

Answer 45

a pure semiconductor with a minute amount of doping agent added

Question 46

pnjunction

Answer 46

a sample in which a p-type and n-type semiconductor are fused

Question 47

rectifier

Answer 47

a device such as a pnjunction diode which force current to move in 1 direction only

Question 48

microchip

Answer 48

an integrated circuit containing many microscopic pnjunction diodes and their components

Question 49

solar cells

Answer 49

semiconductors which, when struck by light, exhibit electron migration

Question 50

inertial reference frame

Answer 50

a point or place which is at rest, or in uniform motion relative to other points

Question 51

galilean relativity

Answer 51

no mechanical experiment can prove any IRF to be an absolute rest frame

Question 52

mechanical experiment

Answer 52

an experiment involving moving physical parts

Question 53

EMR experiment

Answer 53

a experiment or observation involving only the behavior of EMR with no moving parts

Question 54

absolute rest frame

Answer 54

a point or place which is truly at rest

Question 55

Einsteinian relativity

Answer 55

no experiment at all can detect an IRF

Question 56

Relativity

Answer 56

a philosophical way of thinking about reality based on the mathematics derived from Einstein's 2 postulates