Physics (hill)

Question 1

Properties of longitudinal waves and examples

Answer 1

They oscillate parallel
They become compressed or refracted when they travel through a medium p-waves and progressive waves

Question 2

Properties of transverse waves and examples

Answer 2

They oscillate perpendicular
Have peaks(maximum) + troughs(minimum) when oscillating
Electromagnetic waves

Question 3

What are progressive waves

Answer 3

Waves that move from an equilibrium to a new position
They oscillate and transfer energy not matter
Travel quick through earth

Question 4

Definition of displacement

Answer 4

Distance from the the equilibrium position in a particular direction

Question 5

Definition of amplitude

Answer 5

The maximum displacement from an equilibrium position

Question 6

Definition of Wavelength

Answer 6

The minimum distance between 2 points (one peak to another)

Question 7

Definition of period of oscillation

Answer 7

Time taken for one oscillation or time taken for a wave to move a whole wave length

Question 8

Definition of frequency

Answer 8

Number of wave lengths passing a given point

Question 9

Definition of wave speed

Answer 9

The distance travelled by a wave per second

Question 10

Equation for refractive index

Answer 10

C=n/v
N is refractive index
C is the speed of light
V is vitacity of the the wave medium

Question 11

Why must N be equal to or greater then 1

Answer 11

Or otherwise we would be travelling faster then the speed of light

Question 12

What is phase difference

Answer 12

The degrees between two points on a wave of a wave length

Question 13

What are the two equations of phase difference

Answer 13

P= X/lander * 360(degrees)
For phase difference in degrees

P= X/lander * 2pi
For phase difference in rad

Question 14

What are the Materials you are meant to know the refractive index for

Answer 14

Vacuum (1)
Air (1)
Diamond (2.42)
Crown glass (1.52)
Olive oil (1.47)
Water (1.33)

Question 15

What conditions must be met to use snells law

Answer 15

N1 > N2
Angle 1 > critical angle

Question 16

What is diffraction

Answer 16

When a wave passes through a gap its spread out in different directions
All waves go through diffraction

Speed ,wavelength, frequency stay the same

Question 17

What 2 quantities matter in diffraction

Answer 17

Wavelengths of wave
Size of gap or (obstacle)

Question 18

What is polarisation and the 3 types

Answer 18

In a 3D world polarisation happens with transverse waves

If a wave vibrates in one plane its plane polarised

If a wave is reflected off a surface they become partially polarised

Question 19

What allows optical fibres to be good at total internal reflection

Answer 19

The cladding has a lower index then core

Question 20

What is intensity

Answer 20

The further we travel from light the less concentrated the energy
The dimmer the source looks

Question 21

The equation for intensity

Answer 21

I = P/A
I = W/m^2
I = P/pi r^2

Question 22

What is the law that links intensity and amplitude

Answer 22

Intensity = amplitude^2
Intensity always has to be positive

Question 23

What are properties of em waves

Answer 23

They don’t need a medium to travel through

Question 24

What is the electro magnetic spectrum in order

Answer 24

Radio waves
Micro waves
Infrared
Visible light
Ultra violet
X-rays
Gamma-rays

Question 25

What’s the difference between x-rays and gamma ray s

Answer 25

X-rays come from fast moving electrons Gamma unstable isotopes

Question 26

What are radio waves wavelength

Answer 26

10^6 - 10^-1

Question 27

What is the wave length of microwaves

Answer 27

10^-1 - 10^-3

Question 28

What is the wave length of infrared

Answer 28

10^-3 - 7x10^-7

Question 29

What is the wave length of visible light

Answer 29

7x10^-7 - 4x10^-7

Question 30

What is the wavelength of ultraviolet

Answer 30

4x10^-7 - 10^-8

Question 31

What is the wave length of x-rays

Answer 31

10^-8 - 10^-10

Question 32

What is the wavelength of gamma rays

Answer 32

10^-10 - 10^-16

Question 33

What is interference

Answer 33

The super position of waves causing an increase in or decrease in the amplitude of a wave

Question 34

What type of wave can go through super position

Answer 34

It can be used on every wave as long as they are the same type

Question 35

What happens When two waves interact

Answer 35

Two waves amplitude are in opposite directions then we can achieve destruction of waves Two waves have the same amplitude are in the same direction we can achieve constructive waves

Question 36

What is coherence

Answer 36

If two waves have a constant phase difference and Sam wavelength are coherent

Question 37

What is path difference

Answer 37

The distance transverse by a wave to meet a particular point

Question 38

What happens if a a source is closer to the wave

Answer 38

Chance of coherence decreases

Question 39

What must two waves have in comman for it to produce a maximum

Answer 39

Phase difference of 0 or 2pi being in phase Path difference is either 0 or a whole number

Question 40

What must two waves have for them to produce a minimum

Answer 40

Phase difference - be in anti phase with each other And a path difference that isnt a whole number

Question 41

How are stationary waves formed

Answer 41

When two or more waves are supposed

Question 42

What happens if two waves have the same frequency at a certain point an are stationary waves

Answer 42

If they are in anti phase displacement will cancel out In phase full constructive In between Anti phase and in phase leads to partial construction and destruction

Question 43

What is a progressive wave

Answer 43

Transfer energy and not matter

Question 44

What is a stationary waves

Answer 44

No net energy transfer

Question 45

What is the wavelength of a stationary waves

Answer 45

Twice the distance between adjacent nodes/antinodes

Question 46

When is a stationary waves in phase

Answer 46

All regions between 2 nodes on a standing wave are in phase

Question 47

What is the shape of the first harmonic of a closed open system

Answer 47

Node anti node

Question 48

What is the frequency of the first harmonic in a open closed system

Answer 48

F0

Question 49

What is the wavelength of the first harmonic in a closed open system where L is length

Answer 49

4L

Question 50

What are the number of wavelength present in the first harmonic

Answer 50

1/4 lander

Question 51

What number should every open closed frequency times to give

Answer 51

4L

Question 52

What should frequency and wavelength of a open open or closed close system be

Answer 52

2L

Question 53

What is the shape of the first harmonic for a open open system or a closed closed

Answer 53

Open open - anti node anti node Closed closed - node node

Question 54

What are the number of wavelength for the first harmonic of a open open or closed closed system

Answer 54

1/2 Lander

Question 56

What is the gradient of a stress strain graph

Answer 56

Young’s modulus

Question 57

What order does a stress strain graph go

Answer 57

Limit of proportionality hooked law obeyed and returns to original shape