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Science > Physics Kerboodle > Flashcards

Physics Kerboodle Flashcards

1
Q

Ideas in ancient times of moon, sun, earth

A

Earth was flat
Sun eaten by monsters during solar eclipse
Earth was supported by pillars or surrounded by ocean
Earth was supported on the back of a turtle
Moon was a big rock which early earth had flung into space

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2
Q

When did most people in europe think earth was a sphere

A

300BC

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3
Q

For how long did china believe earth was flat

A

1600

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4
Q

Geocentric model

A

The earth did not move - the sun, moon, planets and stars moved around the Earth | they moved onto crystal spheres that light could travel through

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5
Q

Who wrote books explaining Geocentric model
When

A

2 greek astronomers Plato and Aristotle | over 2000 years ago

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6
Q

Who said there was a force between all objects when

A

Indian mathematician astronomer Bhaskaracharya | 1000 years ago

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7
Q

What force did bhaskaracharya say is between planets

A

Gravity

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8
Q

What else did bhaskaracharya work out

A

The Earth attracted the moon

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9
Q

What did astronomers use newtons predictions for

A

There was a planet beyond Uranus

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10
Q

Why was newtons idea powerful

A

Can be used to make predictions

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11
Q

Why did people believe in geocentric model

A

Explains observations people saw every day

Ground did not seem to move
Sun and moon appears to move
Stars appeard to move

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12
Q

A problem with geocentric model

A

Retrograde motion

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13
Q

Retrograde motion

A

Planets appear to go backwards

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14
Q

How did Ptolemy change geocentric model

A

So that the planets went in complicated orbits

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15
Q

When did Ptolemy publish his ideas

A

140AD

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16
Q

What did greek astronomer Aristarchus discover

A

Heliocentric model

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17
Q

Heliocentric model

A

Planets orbit the sun

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18
Q

When were Geocentric and Heliocentric models discovered

A

Geocentric - 2000 years ago

Heliocentric - around 200BC

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19
Q

When did Nicolaus Copernicus publish a book about heliocentric model

A

1543

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20
Q

Difference and similarity between geocentric and heliocentric

A

Geocentric says everything orbits Earth and heliocentric syas the opposite

Both models have orbiting by force gravity

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21
Q

Who/when invention of telescope

A

Italian physicist Galileo Galilei | 1609

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22
Q

What did Galileo see

A

Objects orbit Jupiter - they were moons of Jupiter and called Galilean satellites after him

23
Q

Evidence Galileo found that not everything orbits earth

A

Moons orbiting Jupiter not Earth

24
Q

Which model explains retrograde better

A

Heliocentric

25
Q

Observations astronomer Edwin Hubble made

A

Galaxies move away from us - 1929 - galaxies that were further away move faster

26
Q

What does the big bang explain about galaxies

A

Why galaxies move apart

Why galaxies that are further away are moving faster

27
Q

When was the big bang

A

13.8 Billion years ago

28
Q

When did first stars appear after big bang

A

150 million years after

29
Q

When did galaxies form after big bang

A

Billions of years after

30
Q

When did our solar system for after big bang and how long ago today

A

9 billion years after | 5 billion years ago

31
Q

What did our solar system form from

A

A disc of dust and gas

32
Q

When did life on Earth start

A

4 billion years ago

33
Q

When did dinosaurs live

A

Between 200 million and 65 million years ago

34
Q

How long have humans existed for

A

Less than half a million years

35
Q

Ways to easily understand how big timescale of universe is

A

Make a model or analogy

36
Q

Why couldn’t atoms form right after the big bang

A

Too hot for atoms to form

37
Q

Evidence for the big bang theory

A

Most galaxies appear red shifted which shows they are moving away from us and the universe is expanding

38
Q

What pushes a balloon forwards

A

Force of the air on the balloon

39
Q

1st artificial satellite (not natural - moon)

A

Sputnik 1

40
Q

When/where sputnik launched

A

Russians | 1957

41
Q

What keeps satellites in orbit

A

Force of gravity

42
Q

What are satellites used for

A

Communication, monitering weather, studying Earth and space,

43
Q

Geostationary orbit

A

Satellites that stay over same position on the Earth all the time

44
Q

How long does it take for a geostationary satellite to orbit Earth

A

1 day

45
Q

How far from Earth is a geostationary satellite

A

36,000km

46
Q

What do satellites need to do

A

Broadcast television signals
Television company transmits radio signal to satellite
Satellites broadcasts to lots of houses

47
Q

Low earth orbit

A

Orbit below 1000km from Earth

48
Q

Polar orbit

A

Useful for mapping | go over North and South pole

49
Q

When was apollo mission from

A

1961 to 1975

50
Q

Risks of going to space

A

Equipment can get damaged
People can get injured
Rocket can explode before take-off
Solar flares impacting rocket
Parachute doesn’t work well
Radiation from the sun

51
Q

What does 99.9% reliable mean

A

1000 missions something could go wrong once

52
Q

How many computers in 1963 were developed for space missions

A

Half

53
Q

Benefits of space station

A

Smartphones
Computer-controlled gadgets
Shock-absorbing materials used in sports shoes
Computer programs for swiping credit cards
Water filters

Neil Armstrong saw how fragile the Earth looks from space which made people think about lookng after our planet

54
Q

Ways astronomers look for habitable planets

A

Transit photometry
Relastivistic beaming
Pulsar timing
Ellipsoidal variations

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