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Science > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

When was the big bang

A

13.8 billion

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2
Q

When does red-shift happen

A

When a source is moving away

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3
Q

When does blue shift happen

A

When a source is moving towards

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4
Q

How do we know our sun contains helium

A

There are black lines in the spectrum of the light from the Sun where helium has absorbed light

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5
Q

How do we know the universe is moving away from a single point

A

Light spectra from edge of universe shows red shift

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6
Q

What shift has light from most galaxies been observed to have

A

Red shift

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7
Q

Which galaxies are moving the fastest

A

Furthest galaxies

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8
Q

What evidence that universe is expanding

A

The furthest galaxies move fastest

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9
Q

What shows the universe was once very small

A

It’s stil expanding

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10
Q

What are galaxies held together by

A

Gravity

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11
Q

What can stop the expansion of the universe

A

Gravity between galaxies

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12
Q

What can the presence of dark matter mean

A

The average density of the universe would be much bigger

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13
Q

How much dark energy is universe made up of

A

68%

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14
Q

How much of the universe is dark matter made up of

A

27%

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15
Q

What takes up the remaining 5% of universe

A

Normal matter

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16
Q

2 main types of telescope

A

Refracting telescope - lense refract and focus the light

Reflecting telescope - curved mirrors reflect and focus the light

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17
Q

Problems with refracting telescope

A

Faint Image - some light reflects off the lens

Large lens needed to improve magnification - can be difficult to do

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18
Q

How does reflecting telescope work

A

Image formed by reflection from a curved mirror

Then magnified by secondary mirror

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19
Q

When/where first telescope invented

A

Netherlands - 17th century

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20
Q

Optical telescope

A

observe visible light from space

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21
Q

Optical telescope on the ground

A

Can only be used at night

Can’t be used if cloudy weather

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22
Q

Radio telescopes

A

detect radio waves coming from space - can be used in bad weather as radio waves not blocked by clouds

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23
Q

Earth orbiting telescope designed for

A

designed to relay astronomical data to the earth

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24
Q

Space telescopes

A

Telescopes in space observe whole sky

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25
Q

Why is moon considered a satellite

A

Moves around Earth (orbits planet)

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26
Q

Do planets emit visible light

A

No

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27
Q

What makes a satellite successfully orbit Earth

A

When its speed is balanced by the pull of Earth’ gravity

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28
Q

Which satellite takes longest to orbit Earth

A

Moon

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29
Q

Alternative to big bang theory

A

Steady state

30
Q

Steady state theory

A

Universe always existed without a beginning of time

31
Q

2 main theories

A

Universe has always existed

Began from a small region

32
Q

What is a theory

A

An attempt to explain phenomena in our universe

33
Q

What happened 300,000 years after the big bang

A

Temperature dropped enough for atoms to form

34
Q

When was milky way formed

After billions of years galaxies start to form

A

5 billion years ago

8.7 billion years after the big bang

35
Q

Doppler effect

A

Source of waves

Wavelength and frequency remain constant

36
Q

What happens the faster a light souce moves

A

The further its light will be shifted and the further away it is

37
Q

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
CMBR

A

The remains of energy created after Big Bang

38
Q

Which direction does CMBR come from

A

Every direction

39
Q

What depends on galaxies to stop expansion of universe

A

Mass of galaxies

How much space is between them

How much space they take up

Density

40
Q

What happened first 3 min after big bang

A

Protons neutrons formed but it was too hot for atoms to form

41
Q

When did universe cool for atoms to form

A

380,000 years after big bang

42
Q

300-400 million years after big bang

A

Earliest stars began to form

43
Q

When did humans first start to form

A

Between 5 - 7 million years ago

44
Q

1 way big bang supported by evidence

A

Cosmic microwave background radiation

45
Q

Light year

A

Distance measured in space - distance light travels in 1 year

46
Q

How far is a lightyear
M km

A

186,000 miles
Per second
300,000 km

47
Q

Forces that act on a rocket as it takes off

A

Gravity

Drag force

48
Q

Forces that keep satellite in orbit

A

Gravity

Air resistence

Drag

49
Q

How to get satellites in orbit

A

Launching a satellite in orbit by attaching it to a rocket

50
Q

Which part of the Earth do satellites pass over

Geostationary orbit
Low polar orbit
Low earth orbit

A

Geostationary - above equator

Low polar - north pole south pole

Low earth - below 1000km from earth

51
Q

How long do satellites take to complete 1 orbit

Geostationary
Low polar
Low earth

A

Geostationary - a day

Low polar - 90-120 min

Low earth - 90-120 min

52
Q

Do Geostationary, low polar, lower earth, satellite stay over same place

A

G - yes

LPO | LEO - no

53
Q

Which satellite checks on cyclones hurricanes and why

A

Geostationary and low earth orbit

G - provide continuous monitoring of the Earth’s surface

54
Q

Wat satellite checks on climate change

A

Low earth orbit

55
Q

Satellite takes 24 hours orbit earth radius is 42,000km

A

42,000 ➗ 24

56
Q

How to calculate a speed of satellite

A

Speed = distance ➗ time

57
Q

ISS travels 42,725 how calculate radius of orbit

A

2 x 3.14 x 42725

58
Q

State 1 similarity and 1 difference between refraction reflective telescope

A

Refraction uses lens and reflective uses a curved mirror

both telescopes make a small, inverted image of whatever it’s pointed at

59
Q

How do scientists investigate universe

A

Use telescopes to different parts of electromagnetic spectrum to study objects in space

60
Q

Why hubble telescope uses mirrors not lenses

A

To help astronomers see far away objects in space more clearly

61
Q

Advantages reflecting telescope

A

Large apertures, no chromatic aberrations, excellent price value ratio

62
Q

Advantages refracting telescope

A

Advantages - low maintanence, portability, sharp bright images

63
Q

Describe the orbit of an artificial satellite

A

These orbits are much higher than polar orbits so satellites travel more slowly

64
Q

A table - average distance - 391,400, 42,200, 26000
Time taken - 28 days, 1 day, 12 hour, 3.8 hours

What conclusion

A

As average distance decreases average speed increases

65
Q

3 radiations

Alpha beta gamma

A

Alpha - emission of an alpha particle

Beta - emission of electrons or positrons

Gamma - emission of energetic photons

66
Q

1st living things to go to space

A

Fruit flies

67
Q

Inflation theory

A

At the beginning of the universe expanded faster than the speed of light

68
Q

Disadvantages refraction telescope

A

Expensive

Limited aperture

Chromatic aberration

69
Q

Disadvantage reflection telescopes

A

Lack of poratbility

Lower contrast

Higher maintanence requirements

70
Q

Describe the action and purpose of a solar panel

A

convert sunlight into electrical energy

Science (6 decks)

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