Physio Chapter 12 Part 1 Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

Skeletal muscle attached to bone on each end by _____?

A

tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prime mover of any skeletal muscle movement is called a what muscle?

Flexors and extensors that act on the same joint to produce opposite actions is called a what muscle?

A

agonist muscle, antagonist muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tendon connective tissue extends to form fibrous sheath is called a what?

Connective tissue extends into the body of the muscle.
Composed of columns of muscle fibers.
Each of theses are surrounded by perimysium

A

epimysium, fascicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When somatic neuron is activated, all the muscle fibers it innervates contract with ____ or _____ contractions

A

all or none,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ratio of motor neuron: muscle fibers.
Fine neural control over the strength occurs when many small motor units are involved, this is called the?

Larger and larger motor units are activated to produce greater strength, this is called?

A

innervation ratio, recruitment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In regards to motor units, each muscle fiber receives a _____ axon terminal from a somatic neuron.

Each axon can have collateral branches to innervate an ______of fibers.

A

single, equal number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Each myofibril contains ______. There are ____ and _____ filaments

A

myofilaments, thick and thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thick filaments are primarily composed of ______ and thin filaments are primarily composed of _______?

A

myosin, actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sarcomere Z disc to Z disc, in the middle there are ___ lines. These anchor _____ during contraction.

A

M, mysoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Elastic protein that runs through the myosin from M line to Z disc.
Contributes to elastic recoil of muscle. This is called what?

A

Titin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sliding of filaments is produced by the actions of…

A

cross bridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cross bridges are part of the myosin proteins that extend out toward _____?
Each myosin head contains an ________?

A

actin, ATP binding site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

These bands contain myosin, mover closer and does not shorten during contraction

Distance between A bands of successive sarcomeres.
Decrease in length

Contain only myosin.
Shorten during contraction, are in conjunction with M line

A

A bands, I Bands, H bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In muscle contraction myosin binding site splits atp to adp, ADP remain bound to _____ until these heads attach to _____?

A

mysoin, actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In muscle contraction, this pulls actin toward the center of the A band.

A

Power stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ADP is released when ____ binds to a fresh ___ at the end of the power stroke.

17
Q

In muscle contraction, release of ADP upon binding to another ATP, causes the ______ bond to break.

18
Q

Only 50% of the cross bridges are attached at any given time, this is called the

A

synchronous action

19
Q

Regulation of cross bridge attachment to actin due to (2)?

A

tropomysoin, troponin

20
Q

In relaxed muscle, _______ blocks binding sites on actin

21
Q

When calcium production is blocked what happens to the muscle?

A

muscle relaxes

22
Q

In excitation-contraction coupling, ____ diffusion produces end plate potential. + ions are attracted to negative _______. If depolarization is sufficient, threshold occurs, producing an _____.

A

Na+, plasma membranes, AP

23
Q

In excitation-contraction coupling, ____ travel down sarcolema and T tubules.
SR terminal cisternae release ____ from chemical channels.

24
Q

In excitation-contraction coupling, Ca is also released through a _______ Ca release.

A

Calcium induced

25
In excitation-contraction coupling, upon its release Ca attaches to? Tyropmysoin-troponin complex configuration change occurs, cross bridges attach to _____?
trophonin, actin
26
In muscle relaxation, ____must cease for the muscle to relax? These channels have to be closed? ACh must be degraded? yes or no
APs, Ca, yes
27
Muscle is stimulated with a single electrical shock (above threshold). Quickly contracts and then relaxes. Increasing stimulus increases the strength of the ____ (up to maximum).
twitch
28
If second electrical shock is administered before complete relaxation of muscle
summation
29
Stimulator delivers an increasing frequency of electrical shocks. Relaxation period shortens between twitches. Strength of contraction increases
incomplete tetanus
30
Fusion frequency of stimulation. No visible relaxation between twitches. Smooth sustained contraction
complete tetanus
31
Staircase effect. Electrical shocks are delivered at maximum voltage. Each shock produces a separate, stronger twitch (up to maximum). Due to increase in intracellular Ca2+. Represents “warm-up.”
Treppe
32
Force of contraction remains constant throughout the shortening process. Velocity of muscle shortening decreases as load increases
isotonic contraction
33
Length of muscle fibers remain constant, if the number of muscle fibers activated is too few to shorten the muscle. Velocity of shortening is 0
isometric contraction
34
Force exerted on a muscle to stretch, it is greater than the force of muscle contraction. Muscle will lengthen as it contracts.
eccentric contraction
35
This is what kind of curve? Inverse relationship between force opposing muscle contraction and velocity of muscle shortening.
force-velocity curve
36
in regards to the series-elastic component, non-contractile tendons and connective tissue absorb tension as the _____?
muscle contracts
37
In regards to the series-elastic component, tnedons first must be pulled tight, before the muscle contraction results in ______? Tendons have elasticity and display _____.
shortening, recoil (spring back to resting length)
38
Strength of muscle contraction influenced by: Frequency of ______. Thickness of each ______. Initial ______ of muscle fiber
stimulation, muscle fiber, length
39
Talking about length-tension relationship, Length which can generate maximum force is called what? Few cross bridges can attach is called what? No cross bridges can attach to actin is called what?
ideal resting length, overlap too small, no overlap