Physiology

Question 1

upper GI function

Answer 1

intake source and receptacle

initial digestion occurs

Question 2

middle GI function

Answer 2

site where most of digestion and absorption occurs

Question 3

lower GI tract function

Answer 3

storage channel for elimination of waste

Question 4

4 layers of of GI wall +fxn

Answer 4

inner mucosal

submucosal (support)

muscularis (peristalsis, circular layer, longitudinal layer)

outer serosa

Question 5

types of muscle contractions

Answer 5

mass movements 
tonic contractile 
phasic contractile 
segementing
haustral

Question 6

peristalsis contractile activity

Answer 6

serves to propel forward food

Question 7

mass movements

Answer 7

propulsive movement of unit within large intestine

Question 8

tonic contractile activity

Answer 8

found between two organs, stable contraction

occludes lumen

typically in LES, UES, other sphincter

Question 9

phasic contractile activity

Answer 9

periodic contraction

lasts few seconds and followed by relaxation

Question 10

segmenting contractions

Answer 10

mix chyme with secretions and bring contents into contact with mucosa for digestion and absorption

Question 11

haustral contractions

Answer 11

segmenting contraction with longer duration

Question 12

components of enteric nervous system

Answer 12

myenteric plexus

submucosal plexus

Question 13

myenteric plexus

Answer 13

aka Auerbach

between circular and longitudinal calls

concerned with motility

Question 14

submucosal plexus

Answer 14

AKA Meissner

controlling function of ea. segment of intestinal tract

Question 15

SNS effect on GI tract

Answer 15

via thoracocolumbar spinal cord

stimulation cause decrease in activity + decreased motility and secretions

Question 16

PNS effect on GI tract

Answer 16

via vagus nerve

cause increase in activity including increased motility and secretions

Question 17

areas of striated muscle in GI

Answer 17

pharynx, upper third of esophagus, external anal sphincter

Question 18

increased smooth muscle ocontraciotn when

Answer 18

PNS stimulation

stretching smooth muscle (gas or constipation)

Question 19

decreased excitability of smooth muscle contraction

Answer 19

SNS stimulation

Question 20

achalasia and neuromuscular

Answer 20

LES does not rely

Question 21

Hirschsprung dz and neuromuscular

Answer 21

lack of inhibitory enteric n. in colon

Question 22

ileus and neuromuscular

Answer 22

caused by trauma or infection + disruption of normal neuro hormonal regulation

Question 23

IBS and neuromuscular

Answer 23

altered sensory nerve fxn or altered motility

Question 24

involuntary motor impulses for oral and pharyngeal phases carried in: 4

Answer 24

1. trigeminal (V)
2. Glossopharyngeal (IX)
3. Vagus (X)
4. hypoglossal (XII)

Question 25

impulses for esophageal phase are carried in

Answer 25

vagus (X)

Question 26

rectosphinteric reflex

Answer 26

responsible for defecation contents cause relaxation of internal anal sphincter and urge to defecate occurs

Question 27

functions of saliva

Answer 27

1. protection and lubrication 2. protective antimicrobial action 3. initiate digestion of starches

Question 28

salvia produced and secreted by

Answer 28

parotid, submaxillary, sublingual and buccal glands

Question 29

gastric secretion (cells) (4)

Answer 29

mucous secreting cells parietal cells cheif cells G sells

Question 30

mucous secreting cells

Answer 30

barrier of protection

Question 31

parietal cells

Answer 31

HCl and IF (b12)

Question 32

chief cells

Answer 32

pepsinogen (converted to Pepsi when exposed to low pH)

Question 33

G cells

Answer 33

secrete gastrin stimulates gastric acid and pepsinogen, increased gastric blood flow, stimulate scontraction, growth of gastric and intestinal mucosal cells

Question 34

functions fo secretory glands

Answer 34

mucous production (lubricate, protect) secrete fluids and enzymes (digestion of nutrients)

Question 35

GI hormones

Answer 35

cholecystokinin gastrin secretin

Question 36

cholecystokinin

Answer 36

stim cox of GB | secretion of enzymes, slows gastric emptying, decreases food intake

Question 37

gastrin

Answer 37

stimulates secretion of gastric acid and pepsinogen increases gastric blood flow, simulates gastric smooth muscle and stimulates growth of gastric and intestinal cells

Question 38

secretin

Answer 38

stimulates secretion of bicarbonate contains fluids by pancreatic and liver

Question 39

secretions of small intstine

Answer 39

bruners glands (alkaline mucous) secretion 2 secretion 3 (enzymes peptidases and disaccharidases)

Question 40

functions of gut flora

Answer 40

metabolic activity (fermentation of indigestible) trophic effects /grooming protection colonization

Question 41

when does colonization take place?

Answer 41

begins shortly after birth influenced by passage thru birth canal and others

Question 42

digestion

Answer 42

dismantling food into constituent parts

Question 43

processes of digestion

Answer 43

hydrolysis enzyme cleavage fat emulsification

Question 44

absorption

Answer 44

process of moving food into the internal environment active transport and diffusion

Question 45

fxn of intestinal brush border

Answer 45

aid in digestion of carbs and proteins | adhere to border of villous structure