Physiology and Health Unit 2 KA 8

Question 1

What is Homeostatis?

Answer 1

Homeostatis is the control of the internal environment in the body

Question 2

Why is Homeostatis important?

Answer 2

Homeostatis is important so that body cells can function properly

Question 3

What three things does Homeostatis control?

Answer 3

1) Water concentration in the blood
2) Body temperature
3) Glucose concentration in the blood

Question 4

What does the Pancreas monitor?

Answer 4

The pancreas monitors the concentration of glucose in the blood

Question 5

What happens in the pancreas when blood glucose increases?

Answer 5

When blood glucose increases the pancreas releases insulin

Question 6

What does Insulin do?

Answer 6

Insulin travels to the liver and activates the conversion of glucose to glycogen

Question 7

What happens in the pancreas when blood glucose decreases?

Answer 7

When blood glucose decreases the pancreas releases glucagon

Question 8

What does Glucagon do?

Answer 8

Glucagon travels to the liver and activates the conversion of glycogen to glucose

Question 9

What does the hormone Adrenaline do to glucose levels?

Answer 9

Adrenaline increases glucose concentration in the blood

Question 10

Where is Adrenaline released from?

Answer 10

Adrenaline is released from adrenal glands

Question 11

What is Diabetes?

Answer 11

Diabetes is a condition whereby sufferers are unable to control their blood glucose levels

Question 12

When is Type 1 diabetes usually diagnosed?

Answer 12

Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood/early teens

Question 13

When is Type 2 diabetes usually diagnosed?

Answer 13

Type 2 diabetes is usally diagnosed in adulthood

Question 14

In Type 1 diabetes, pancreatic cells are ____ to produce insulin

(Fill in blank)

Answer 14

In Type 1 diabetes, pancreatic cells are unable to produce insulin

Question 15

In Type 2 diabetes, pancreatic cells are ____ to produce insulin

(Fill in blank)

Answer 15

In Type 2 diabetes, pancreatic cells are able to produce insulin

Question 16

Why are sufferers of Type 2 diabetes unable to convert glucose to glycogen?

Answer 16

Sufferers of Type 2 diabetes are unable to convert glucose to glycogen as thier target cells are less sensitive to insulin

Question 17

How is Type 1 diabetes treated? (2)

Answer 17

1) Regular insulin injections
2) Careful diet

Question 18

How is Type 2 diabetes treated?

Answer 18

1) Exercise
2) Controlled diet
3) Weight loss

Question 19

What can increase the likelihood of developing Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 19

Being overweight can increase the likelihood of developing Type 2 diabetes

Question 20

How is Diabetes tested for?

Answer 20

Diabetes is tested for by testing urine for glucose

Question 21

Describe the steps of the Glucose tolerance test (4)

Answer 21

1) Fasting
2) Measure blood glucose levels
3) Drink a known glucose solution
4) Measure glucose concentration for at least 2 hours

Question 22

What does chronic elevation of blood glucose lead to?

Answer 22

Chronic elevation of blood glucose leads to endothelium cells taking in more glucose than normal, this damages blood vessels and may lead to athersclerosis

Question 23

What can Athersclerosis lead to?

Answer 23

1) Heart disease
2) Stroke
3) Peripheral vascular disease

Question 24

What may blood vessels damaged by elevated glucose levels result in?

Answer 24

Blood vessels damaged by elevated glucose levels may result in haemorrhage of blood vessels in retina, renal failure or peripheral nerve dysfunction

Question 25

What BMI score indicates obesity?

Answer 25

A BMI score greater than 30 indicates obesity

Question 26

What does BMI not take into account?

Answer 26

BMI does not take muscle mass into account

Question 27

What is the treatment for Obesity? (2)

Answer 27

1) Reducing energy intake
2) Increasing energy expenditure