Physiology Ex 1 - Body Compartments

Question 1

What is pathophysiology?

Answer 1

How disordered physiology results in illness, and how the body reacts with molecular, cellular and systemic responses that are the signs and symptoms of the disease

Question 2

What are:

monovalent cations

divalent cations

monovalent anions

Answer 2

monovalent cations: +1 charge (H+, Na+)

divalent cations: +2 charge (Ca++, Mg++)

monovalent anions: -1 charge (Cl-, OH-)

Question 3

Which are the fluid compartments of the body?

Answer 3

Intracellular fluid

Extracellular fluid (interstitial, blood plasma)

Question 4

Which are the lipid compartments of the body?

Answer 4

Cell membranes

Adipose tissues

Question 5

What is the percentage of total body water for a person?

Answer 5

60%

Question 6

What is the percentage of total body weight of the body compartments?

Answer 6

Intracellular fluid: 40%

Extracellular fluid: 20% (interstitial fluid: 16%, plasma: 4%)

Question 7

What is the fraction of total body water of the different compartments?

Answer 7

Intracellular fluid: 2/3

Extracellular fluid: 1/3

Question 8

Epithelial compartments produce specialized environments (i.e: Blood vessel endothelium: plasma; blood-brain barrier: cerebrospinal fluid)?

T/F?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Epithelial compartments may produce excretory products (i.e.: Kidney: renal filtrate (urine), Lacrimal glands: tears)?

T/F?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the total body water volume of a 70kg, 25 year-old normal healthy male?

Answer 10

42L

Question 11

What is the intracellular fluid volume of a 70kg, 25 year-old normal healthy male?

Answer 11

28 L

Question 12

Define:

pH

Answer 12

-log[H+]

or

log(1/[H+})

Question 13

What is:

Physiological pH

Answer 13

7.35 - 7.45

Question 14

Define:

Acidosis

Answer 14

High H+

pH < 7.35

Question 15

Define:

Alkalosis

Answer 15

Log H+

pH > 7.45

Question 16

Define:

Hypernatremia

Answer 16

High Na+

Question 17

Define:

Hyponatremia

Answer 17

Low Na+

Question 18

Define:

Hyperkalemia

Answer 18

High K+

Question 19

Define:

Hypokalemia

Answer 19

Low K+

Question 20

What is homeostasis?

Answer 20

The regulation of the internal environment within a normal physiological range

Question 21

What is the normal range of glucose in the blood?

Answer 21

70 - 99 mg/dL

Question 22

What does the endothelium of the capillaries do?

Answer 22

Keeps proteins inside the plasma

Question 23

How do ions cross the plasma membrane?

Answer 23

Via ion channels and other transport proteins

Question 24

Is Potassium concentration higher inside or outside the cell?

Answer 24

inside (it diffuses out)

Question 25

Is Sodium concentration higher inside or outside the cell?

Answer 25

outside (it diffuses in)

Question 26

Is Calcium concentration higher inside or outside the cell?

Answer 26

outside (it is pumped in)

Question 27

Is Chloride concentration higher inside or outside the cell?

Answer 27

outside

Question 28

In diffusion there is a net movement of molecules ____ a concentration gradient. a) up b) down

Answer 28

down

Question 29

Which is the law of diffusion?

Answer 29

Fick's Law of Diffusion Diffusion rate = -P A (C2 - C1) where P = permeability of the membrane and is affected by membrane resistance, thickness, size and solubility of the molecule (bigger = slower), and temp (hotter = faster) A = surface area (C2 - C1) = concentration gradient across the membrane (higher gradient = faster diffusion)

Question 30

Cells specialized to absorb molecules have?

Answer 30

Microvilli to increase the surface area for absorption (which has a glycolayx tp trap nutients, protext against toxic substances, or adhere to substances and enhance uptake)

Question 31

Define equivalents

Answer 31

Molar equivalents. Unit of electrical charge. The equivalent of a substance is the amount of the substance multiplied by its valence.

Question 32

Define covalent

Answer 32

Sharing electrons between the atoms.

Question 33

Define ionic

Answer 33

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 34

Define anion

Answer 34

Negative charged ion

Question 35

Define cation

Answer 35

Positive charged ion

Question 36

Define amphipathic

Answer 36

Molecule containing both polar (water soluble) and non-polar (non-soluble) portions

Question 37

Define polar

Answer 37

Water soluble. Has dipole moment

Question 38

Define non-polar

Answer 38

Non-water soluble. No dipole moment