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PLE 2017 > Physiology: I need to remember > Flashcards

Physiology: I need to remember Flashcards

1
Q

nernst potential for sodium

A

+65mV

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2
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

  • vasomotor center
  • respiratory center,
  • swallowing
  • coughing & vomiting center
A

medulla

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3
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

- micturation center, apneustic & pneumotaxic centers

A

pons

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4
Q

nernst potential for calcium

A

+120mV

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5
Q

nernst potential for Cl

A

-85mV

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6
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

- behavior, emotions & motivation

A

limbic lobe of frontal lobe

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7
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

  • temperature regulation
  • thirst, food intake
A

hypothalamus

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8
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

- somatosensory cortex

A

parietal

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9
Q

nernst potential for K

A

-85mV

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10
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

  • relay center for almost all sensations
  • memory recall
A

thalamus

“REMEMBER THALAMUS?’

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11
Q

SENSORY NERVE FIBER TYPE?

  • PAIN AND TEMPERATURE
  • diameter: SMALLEST
  • conduction: SLOWEST
A

sensory nerve type 4

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12
Q

SENSORY NERVE FIBER TYPE?

  • MUSCLE SPINDLE AFFERENTS
  • diameter: LARGEST
  • conduction: FASTEST
A

sensory nerve type 1A

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13
Q

SENSORY NERVE FIBER TYPE?

  • TOUCH AND PRESSURE
  • diameter: MEDIUM
  • conduction: MEDIUM
A

sensory nerve type 2

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14
Q

SENSORY NERVE FIBER TYPE?

  • GOLGI TENDON ORGANS
  • diameter: LARGEST
  • conduction: FASTEST
A

sensory nerve type 1B

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15
Q

SENSORY NERVE FIBER TYPE?

  • TOUCH, PRESSURE, FAST PAIN, TEMPERATURE
  • diameter: SMALL
  • conduction: MEDIUM
A

sensory nerve type 3

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16
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

- motor, personality, calculation & judgment

A

frontal lobe

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17
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

- processing the information for memory storage

A

hippocampus

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18
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

- vision

A

occipital

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19
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

  • hearing, vestibular processing
  • recognition of faces
A

temporal

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20
Q

SENSORY FIBERS?

1a - 1b - 2 - 3 - 4?

A

MUST GO SEEK ROUGH AND PLEASURABLE HOT SEX.

1a - MUScle spindle
1b - GOlgi tendon
2 - SEcondary afferent (touch and pressure)
3 - (all) touch, pressure, pain, temperature
4 - pain, temperature

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21
Q

CSF > Blood

2 examples

A

Mg, Creatinine

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22
Q

CSF = Blood

3 examples

A

Na, K, HCO3

*osmolarity

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23
Q

CSF < Blood

A

k, Ca, GLucose,Protein, cholesterol

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24
Q

what cells: simple, complex or hypercomplex?

moving bars or edges of light

A

complex

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25
what cells: simple, complex or hypercomplex? | bars of light
simple
26
what cells: simple, complex or hypercomplex? | lines with particular length
hypercomplex
27
what cells: simple, complex or hypercomplex? | curves/ angles
hypercomplex
28
vestibular system: semicircular canals, utricle or saccule? | horizontal linear acceleration
utricle
29
vestibular system: semicircular canals, utricle or saccule? | vertical acceleration
saccule
30
vestibular system: semicircular canals, utricle or saccule? | - angular
semicircular canals
31
injury to chorda tympani will cause what loss of sensation?
taste
32
mechanoreceptor stimulated by lung distention | - initiates hering-breuer reflex that decreases respiratory rate by prolonging expiratory time
lung stretch receptors
33
mechanoreceptor for noxious chemicals
irritant receptors
34
mechanoreceptor found in juxtacapillary areas? | - causes rapid shallow breathing and responsible for the feeling of dyspnea
J RECEPTORS
35
mechanoreceptor stimulated by limb movement | - causes anticipatory increase in RR during exercise
joint & muscle receptors
36
INCREASE OR DECREASE? (APEX) | in terms of V, Q, V/Q, P02, PC02
APEX ``` V: ↓↓ Q: ↓ V/Q: ↑ P02: ↑ PC02: ↓ ```
37
LAW implying that an increase in lung volume will decrease pressure
BOYLE'S LAW
38
LAW for transfer of gases through simple diffusion
FICK'S LAW OF DIFFUSION
39
LAW? | PARTIAL PRESSURE = TOTAL PRESSURE X FRACTIONAL GAS CONCENTRATION
DALTON'S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE
40
LAW for gases dissolved in solution
HENRY'S LAW
41
INCREASE OR DECREASE? (BASE) | in terms of V, Q, V/Q, P02, PC02
BASE ``` V: ↑↑ Q: ↑ V/Q: ↓ P02: ↓ PC02: ↑ ```
42
what complement system CAUSES OPSONIZATION?
C3B
43
what complement system INDUCES INFLAMMATION?
C3A, C4A, C5A
44
what complement system CAUSES WBC CHEMOTAXIS?
C5A
45
what complement system MEMBERS OF MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX?
C5B-C9
46
in unacclimatized person, ACUTE EFFECTS are felt at - what acute effects?
12,000 feet or ~ 3,500m - headache, dizziness
47
hair cells: APEX or BASE? | - oval or round windows
BASE - rigid hair cells - high frequency
48
in unacclimatized person, DEATH at
23,000 feet or ~7000m
49
tactile receptors? | touch and pressure
FREE NERVE ENDINGS
50
tactile receptors? | movement of object on skin
HAIR-END ORGAN
51
in unacclimatized person, SEIZURES are felt at
18,000 feet or ~5000m
52
tactile receptors? - HIGH- frequency vibrations - tapping
PACINIAN CORPUSCLES (FA2)
53
tactile receptors? - PRESSURE - signals degree of joint rotation
RUFFINI CORPUSCLES (SA2)
54
tactile receptors? - continuous touch - localizes touch and determine texture
MERKEL DISC (SA1)
55
tactile receptors? | 2 point discrimination
MERKEL & MEISSNER
56
tactile receptors? - movement of objects - LOW- frequency vibrations
MEISSNER CORPUSCLES (FA1)
57
hair cells: APEX or BASE? | - responds to low frequency
APEX - helicotrema - wide base - accomodating
58
muscle sensors? | for changes in length
muscle spindle | Type 1A and 2
59
muscle sensors? | for changes in tension
``` golgi tendon (type 1b) ```
60
muscle sensors? | noxious stimuli
free nerve endings | group 3 and 4
61
muscle sensors? | vibration
pacinian corpuscle | group 2
62
rods or cones? - color vision - night vision
cones for COlor vision rods for night vision
63
``` No. of synapses? STRETCH REFLEX (KNEE-JERK) ``` stimulus: stretched afferent fibers: 1a response: contraction
monosnaptic
64
what is the stimulus for withdrawal? FLEXOR-WITHDRAWAL REFLEX no. of synapses: POLYSNAPTIC afferent fibers: 2,3,4 response: ipsilateral flexion; contralateral extension
stimulus: PAIN
65
``` what is the reflex? stimulus: contraction no. of synapses: DISNAPTIC afferent fibers: 1b response: relaxation of the muscle ```
GOLGI-TENDON REFLEX (CLASP KNIFE)
66
MAIN RESPIRATORY CENTER?
DORSAL ROOT GROUP (MEDULLA) for normal/resting inspiration input: CN 9, CN 10 output: phrenic nerve --> diaphragm
67
RESPIRATORY CENTER that shortens time for inspiration?
``` Pneumotaxic center (pons) - upper pons ```
68
RESPIRATORY CENTER that prolongs time for inspiration?
``` apneustic center (pons) - lower pons ```
69
RESPIRATORY CENTER for forced inspiration and expiration (overdrive mechanism)
VENTRAL ROOT GROUP (MEDULLA)
70
rods or cones? - daylight - first to adapt - high concentration at fovea
cones
71
types of muscle spindle: - Group 1a afferents
NUCLEAR BAG FIBERS | - detects dynamic changes
72
types of muscle spindle: - Group 2 afferents
NUCLEAR CHAIN FIBERS - detects static changes - nuclei arranged in row

PLE 2017 (6 decks)

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