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Applied anatomy of Musketoletal > Physiology of MSK > Flashcards

Physiology of MSK Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mesoderm gives rise to ?

A

Paraxial

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2
Q

What is the middle layer of the muscles ?

A

Mesoderm

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3
Q

Paraxial gives rise to ?

A

Somites

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4
Q

Somites gives rise to?

A

Skeletal muscles

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5
Q

What are the type of muscles ?

A

Skeletal muscles
Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscles

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6
Q

What transfers chemical energy to mechanical energy ?

A

Energy transduction

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7
Q

What is the process of energy storage called?

A

Glycogen

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8
Q

What are striated muscles ?

A

Skeletal muscles
Cardiac muscles

Voluntary muscles

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9
Q

What are the unstriated muscles ?

A

Smooth muscles

Involuntary muscles

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10
Q

How does skeletal muscle look like ?

A

Uninucleated
multinucleated and cylindrical
usually attached to the skeleton

Skeleton

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11
Q

How does Cardiac muscle look like ?

A

It has a gap junction
branching pattern
involuntary
striated

Heart

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12
Q

How does smooth muscle look like ?

A

nonstriated
spindle-shaped
involuntary
It covers the internal organs

GI

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13
Q

Important things about Skeletal muscle?

A

Since skeletal muscles can contract and relax, it appears to be in voluntary muscles.

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14
Q

What is the structure of skeletal muscle

A

Epimysium
Fascicle
Perimysium

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15
Q

Each fibre is covered by ?

A

Endomysium

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16
Q

The endomysium is covered by a bunch of fascicles, each fascicles contain lots of muscle fibers and the covering of muscle fibre called?

A

Endomysium

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17
Q

Each muscle contains lots of myofibriles

A

These myofibrils contain thin and thick filaments

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18
Q

Where is muscle fibre?

A

Muscle fibre is situated deep inside the muscle, inside the fascicle

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19
Q

What is Sarcolemma

A

The cell membrane of the muscle fibre surrounding the skeletal muscle fiber

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20
Q

What is sarcoplasm

A

The cytoplasm of the muscle fiber is called sarcoplasm

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21
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum called?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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22
Q

What does sarcolemma form?

A

It forms T-tubules

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23
Q

What could you have on the sides of T tubules ?

A

Lateral sacs ( endoplasmic reticulum ) on lateral sides together called Triad

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24
Q

What is the function of sarcoplasmic reticulum( endoplasmic reticulum)?

A

Store Calcium

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25
Q

What is the motor unit?

A

The motor unit is made up of motor neuron

Motor neurons and the muscle fiber supplies through its branches of neuro terminals are motor unit

26
Q

What is the neuromuscular junction?

A

Junction between nerve and muscle

27
Q

What is sarcotubular system?

A

Formed by T tubule (transverse tubular system) and L tubule system

28
Q

What does T tubule contain

A

Dihydropyridine receptor

29
Q

laterally t tubule consist of ?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

30
Q

What is the function of L tubule ?

A

To store calcium

31
Q

What receptor does L tubule have?

A

Ryanodine receptor

32
Q

What does Action potential activate

A

at the resting state, It activates the DHP receptor, then it activates the rhinodine receptor and prevents the release of calcium into the sarcoplasm

33
Q

Where is calcium released?

A

into the sarcoplasm

34
Q

What is the structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle are ?

A

Sarcomere

the portion between both z lines are calles as sarcomere

35
Q

How does myofibril appear?

A

It has both dark thick and thin lines
H zone

light band (I) only thin lines
z lines

36
Q

Thick filament are only made up?

A

Myosin

37
Q

Thin filaments are made up of ?

A

Actin
Troponin
Tropomyosin
These two T’s regulate muscle contraction

38
Q

What are the contractitle protein ?

A

actin and myosin

39
Q

What does actin molecule has

A

sight fir the binding of myosine

40
Q

What does both myosin heads have?

A

acting binding site and ATP binding site

41
Q

What is thick filament made up of ?

A

myosin

42
Q

What is thin filament made up of ?

A

Actin

43
Q

Example of motor units ?

A

Gastronemius

44
Q

Two types of Contraction?

A

Isotonic
Isometric

45
Q

What is isotonic

A

The tone remains the same but there is a change in the length

46
Q

What is isometric

A

The length remains the same but there is a change in tone

47
Q

Examples of Isometric exercise

A

Plank
pushing against the wall

48
Q

What are the two types of muscle fibres?

A

Type 1 Slow twitch
Type 2 fast twitch

49
Q

What is Type 1 Slow twitch?

A

They slowly become fatigued

High number of mitochondria

High number of capillaries

Aerobic

50
Q

What is Type 2 a

A

Fast twitch muscle fibers
Fatigue rapidly

51
Q

What is type 2b

A

Fast twitch glycolytic muscle fibres

52
Q

What is the type of endurance activity mean?

A

It includes Jogging, walking, slow running

53
Q

Which type of muscle fibers are activated here in endurance?

A

Slow Twitch fibres
Type 1
eg Marathoner
Long distance running
More red
aerobic

54
Q

What is the type of sprinting activity mean?

A

Running with high intensity

55
Q

Which fibres are activated in Sprinting or high-intensity training?

A

Fast Twitch fibres
Type 2 a/b

56
Q

Slow twitch fibres are?

A

oxidative muscle fibres

57
Q

Fast twitch fibres are?

A

oxidative called type 2A
glycolytic type 2B

58
Q

What reacts first once we start to exercise ?

A

Muscles within 10-15 seconds

Instant energy

59
Q

What reacts after the 15 seconds ?

A

This is short time energy

Anaerobic metabolism occurs

60
Q

What reacts after 2-3 mints and beyond

A

Aerobic metabolism uses glucose and fatty acids

Applied anatomy of Musketoletal (7 decks)

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