Physiology of Pregnancy II Flashcards
Compare conception vs uterine pregnancy rates
Conception (fertilization) = high
Uterine rates much lower
Define: Embryonic Loss
Pregnancy loss prior to fetal stage
What occurs with embryonic loss prior to maternal recognition of pregnancy?
CL regresses at normal time
No delay in return to estrus
What occurs with embryonic loss after maternal recognition of pregnancy?
CL persists
Delay in return to estrus
Need to administer prostaglandins to lyse CL and allow for return to estrus
Fetal membrane vs placenta
Placenta: both maternal and embryonic/fetal components
Fetal membranes: only fetal component
Nutritional Support: Early Pregnancy
Histotrophic support
Secretions from endometrial glands
Nutritional Support: Later Pregnancy
Hemotrophic support
Development of association of vascular tissue of maternal endometrium and fetal membranes
Define: Diffuse Placenta
What species?
Microcotyledons evenly spread out across entire placenta
Horse, pig
Define: Cotyledonary Placenta
What species?
Discrete attachment sites between cotyledons (placenta) and caruncles (uterus) forming placentomes
Ruminants
Define: Zonary Placenta
What species?
Contact between placenta and endometrium is in a band around fetus
Carnivores
Define: Discoid Placenta
What species?
Primates
Define: Epitheliochorial Placenta
What species?
Chorionic villi grow into the apertures of uterine glands
Large animals
Define: Endotheliochorial Placenta
What species?
Chorionic villi are in contact with the endothelium of maternal blood vessels
Carnivores (dogs, cats)
Define: Hemochorial Placenta
What species?
Fetal chorion comes into direct contact with maternal blood
Primates, rodents
Layers of Separation, Nutrient Transfer: Epitheliochorial Placenta
6 layers of separation
No Ig transfer, no Ab protection
Colostrum critically important for survival
