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Obstetrics and Gynecology > Physiology of the Female Reproductive Cycle > Flashcards

Physiology of the Female Reproductive Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

menarche

A

the very first menstrual flow

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2
Q

menses

A

regular monthly flow int he reproductive years

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3
Q

perimenopausal (what happens, begins/lasts)

A

a woman at the near end of her menstrual years

cycles become irregular, begins around late 40’s, last about ten years

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4
Q

menopause

A

when the menstrual cycle ceases altogether (1 year without period)

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5
Q

female menstrual cycle hormones (6)

A

GnRH
FSH
LH
estrogen
progesterone
relaxin

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6
Q

difference between GnRF and GnRH

A

none they are the same thing just different names

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7
Q

GnRH produced by

A

hypothalamus

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8
Q

the ______ is the control center for the menstrual cycle

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

GnRH stimulates the ______ to produce its hormones

A

anterior pituitary

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10
Q

anterior pituitary releases

A

FSH and LH

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11
Q

FSH and LH are produced by the _____ of the ____

A

beta cells
anterior pituitary

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12
Q

FSH and LH are known as

A

gonadotropins

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13
Q

FSH and LH stimulate the

A

ovaries

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14
Q

FSH stimulates

A

the growth of follicles

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15
Q

many follicles will be stimulated by ____, but only one will ____ producing an ____ with each cycle

A

FSH
mature
egg

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16
Q

LH stimulates (in respect to follicles)

A

follicles but to a lesser extend to FSH

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17
Q

the surge of ___ is responsible for ovulation

A

LH

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18
Q

LH supports the growth of the ______ but does not _____

A

corpus luteum
maintain it

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19
Q

in pregnancy, ____ maintains the corpus luteum

A

hCG

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20
Q

dominant follicle after ovulation is referred to as the _____

A

corpus luteum

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21
Q

ovarian steroids (3)

A

estrogen
progesterone
relaxin

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22
Q

estrogen is secreted by the _____

A

granulosa cells lining the follicle

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23
Q

estrogen peak secretion occurs ______

A

just before ovulation

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24
Q

estrogen must hit a threshold in order for ____

A

LH to surge

25
estrogen is the cause for _______, and is also responsible for _____
proliferation of the endometrium female secondary sex characteristics (breast, hips, hair)
26
progesterone is secreted by the
corpus luteum
27
peak concentration of progesterone is reached _____
about 7 days after ovulation
28
progesterone function (2)
induces secretory activity and hypertrophy of the endometrium inhibits the secretion of LH
29
relaxin function (3)
relaxes pubic symphysis during fetal delivery helps dilate the cervix to promote sperm mobility also dilates the cervix in labour during fetal delivery
30
days of the cycle (28 days)
1-5 menstruation 6-14 proliferative (follicular phase for ovary which starts day 1) day 14 ovulation day 14-28 secretory (luteal phase for ovary)
31
Hypothalamus releases ______, which stimulates _____ to release ____ and _____. FSH stimulates the _____ to release ____ and ____, and LH stimulates the ____ to release ____
GnRH anterior pituitary FSH LH ovaries estrogen progesterone ovaries relaxin
32
Day 1 bleeding phase: _____ hormones are low causing ____ to produce ______. This causes the _____ to produce _____. A _____ by day 13 and is accompanied by an increase in ______
ovarian hypothalamus GnRH anterior pituitary FSH and LH graffian follicle matures estrogen
33
what occurs during day one to 13 of the cycle
ovarian hormones low = hypothalamus releases GnRH -> stimulates ant pituitary = releases FSH/LH Graffian follicle matures by day 13 = increase in estrogen
34
day 14 ovulation: ____ hits a threshold which causes ____ to surge causing ovulation. The ______ bursts and becomes the ______. _______ increase/_____ decreases a little
estrogen LH graffian follicle corpus luteum progesterone estrogen
35
what occurs during day one to 14 of the cycle
estrogen hits threshold = LH surge = ovulation graffian follicle becomes corpus luteum progesterone increases/estrogen decreases a little
36
if fertilization does not occur after ovulation what happens
corpus luteum regresses = progesterone decreases withdrawal of hormones = menstruation begins
37
Mittelschmerz
pain at ovulation
38
two symptoms during luteal (secretory) phase
fluid retention weight gain
39
what is a symptom of ovulation (not mittelschmerz)
slight raise in body temp due to progesterone
40
proliferative phase endometrium on US
hypoechoic halo hyperechoic out edge of endo hypoechoic endo hyperechoic endometrial canal
41
the proliferative phase endometrium is describe as having a ____ appearance
trilaminar
42
secretory phase endometrium on US
hypoechoic halo hyperechoic endo
43
menstrual phase endometrium on US
very thin may see some blood in canal
44
if you see blood in endometrial canal how do you measure the endometrium
measure each wall and add them together not including the fluid
45
______ phase: spiral aterioles undergo lengthening via _____ (so fast they coil)
proliferative mitosis
46
after ovulation and with _____ influence, the endometrium becomes ______ (swollen with an excessive accumulation of fluid)
progesterone edematous
47
without fertilization, the corpus luteum _____ and estrogen/progesterone ______. Endometrium shrinks = _______ = ____ of the tissue and its shed
degenerates decrease circulation cut off necrosis
48
in early pregnancy, the endometrium thickens further due to the continued increase in ______ produced by the _____
progesterone corpus luteum
49
in early pregnancy, the high levels of _____ and _____ supress the _____. Further menstrual cycles are stopped
estrogen progesterone hypothalamus
50
endometrium cycles before/after ovulation vs ovarian cycles before/after ovulation
endo: proliferative -> ovulation -> secretory ovary: follicular -> luteal
51
when the ovum with its layers, the ______ and _____, protrudes from the wall of the follicle into the follicular fluid, it is termed the _____. It is a sign that ___
corona radiata zona pellucida cumulus oophorus ovulation is about to occur
52
when does a corpus albicans form
when the corpus luteum degenerates white scar forms
53
when does a corpus fibrosum occur
when a follicle does not rupture (didn't mature) no corpus luteum liquid reabsorbed, follicle regresses, scar forms
54
proliferative phase looks like what on US
trilaminar appearance
55
secretory phase looks like what on US
really thick
56
the hormone that triggers ovulation
LH
57
a functional cyst on the ovary after ovulation has occurred is called the
corpus luteum
58
where is estrogen produced
from the granulosa cells lining the follicle

Obstetrics and Gynecology (14 decks)

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