The 2nd Trimester Detailed Anatomy Scan Flashcards

1
Q

pario

A

to bear

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2
Q

when is baby considered viable

A

24 weeks gestation

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3
Q

gestation

A

development from conception to birth

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4
Q

perinatology

A

study of an infant before, during, and after birth

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5
Q

Hyster/hystero

A

uterus or womb

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6
Q

salpinx

A

Fallopian or uterine tubes

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7
Q

Parturient

A

woman in labor

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8
Q

bleeding with pain can be (2)

A

Abruption (marginal or retroplacental)
Ectopic

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9
Q

bleeding without pain can be (3)

A

Placenta previa
Molar pregnancy
Implantation bleed

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10
Q

detailed anatomy scan performee between __ and ____ weeks

A

18
20

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11
Q

supine hypotension

A

caused by pregnancy putting pressure on the IVC and lower aorta reducing venous return = BP/HR drop = syncope

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12
Q

what way to role patient if going to pas out

A

onto left side (away from you)

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13
Q

overall sag sweep (4)

A

position of fetus
fetal heart motion
number of fetuses
presence of amniotic fluid

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14
Q

trans sweep overall (2)

A

fibroids on the uterus
adnexal masses usually arising from ovary

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15
Q

7 maternal images

A

sag cervix
sag fundus
placenta postion (sa/trans)
cervix/placenta distance
placenta cord insertion
adnexae/ovaries
fetal enviro (amniotic fluid)

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16
Q

normal length of cervix

A

> 3cm

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17
Q

if cervix 9cm what do you do

A

likely braxton hicks so wait for contraction to stop and remeasure

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18
Q

placenta should be a minimum of _____ away from the internal os of the cervix

A

2cm

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19
Q

previa

A

low lying baby (placenta <2cm from cervix)

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20
Q

cord insertion should be ___ from placental edge in both planes

A

> 2cm

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21
Q

is fluid measured during 2nd trimester scan

A

no

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22
Q

what two pockets of amniotic fluid can be measure

A

deepest vertical pocket (DVP)
single deepest pocket (SDP)

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23
Q

AFI is done after

A

amniotic fluid index measurement
26-28weeks

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24
Q

_____ = polyhydramnios
_____ = oligohydroamnios

A

8cm
2x1cm

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25
if fetus lying up start with
heart then face/profile
26
if fetus lying with back up start with
spine and kidneys
27
fetal anatomy groupings (6)
head spine (kidneys) abdomen heart limbs genitalia
28
8 fetal head images
BPD/HC choroid plexus ventricles cerebllar image/post fossa orbital image face image nose lip image profile
29
colichocephalic
narrow head
30
brachycephalic
wide head
31
calvarium
bones of head
32
highest straight plane in head
transventricular
33
lower straight plane in head
transthalamic
34
oblique plane in head
transcerebellar
35
BPD is perpendicular to ____ and measured from ____ to ___
falx outer bone edge inner bone edge
36
BPD assesses (5)
cavum septi pellucidi thalami third ventricle falx cerebri size, shape, integrity, and bone density of cranium
37
ventricular image is an ___ view of the head just above the _______ plane. It is taken at the level of the ____ and the ____ is the anterior landmark
axial transthalamic lat ventricles CSP
38
do you measure ant or post ventricle
post due to reverb artifact on ant one
39
upper limit of normal for lat ventricles
10mm
40
choroid plexus image is used to asses the ____ of both choroid together
echotexture
41
CPC
choroid plexus cysts
42
3 things cerebellar/post fossa image is used for
asses cerebellar size/shape presence/size of cisterna magna nuchal fold thickness
43
cisterna magna upper limit of normal
10mm
44
nuchal fold thickness upper limit of normal
6mm
45
hypertelorism
eyes too far apart
46
hypotelorism
eyes too close together
47
microopthalmia
small eyes
48
anopthalima
no eyes
49
what do you need to see to rule out anopthalima
lenses of the eyes
50
tangential plane
plane used to image the nose and lips
51
nose/lip image used to rule out
cleft lip abnormal nostrils
52
micrognathia
small mandible
53
retrognathia
receding chin
54
how to locate profile
find BPD slide to front of head rotate 90 to get profile
55
BPD taken in _____ plane
transthalamic
56
post fossa taken in ____ plane
transcerebellar
57
fetal spine images (3)
sag upper mid lower spine trans at level of sacrum (iliac crests) trans kidneys +/- sag kidneys
58
what is the visible portion of the spine on US
3 ossification centers
59
the ant ossification center is the ____
vertebrak body
60
the post ossification centers are the _____
pedicle laminar junction
61
ossification is not complete until ____ weeks gestation
18
62
2 images taken for sag spine
one distal for sacrum one cephalic for cervical spine into cranium
63
what should you try to visualize on sag spine levels
skin line
64
what is most important sweep for spine
sweep in trans
65
trans spine includes and where is spine
3 oss centers iliac crests spine up
66
what is also usually seen in trans spine image
fetal bladder
67
renal pelvises are ___ and minimally dilated up to ___. ___ is the upper limit of normal in the 2nd trimester
hypoechoic 3mm 5mm
68
for kidney image have spine where and what level is it taken at
spine in middle at level of renal pelvis
69
adrenals are ___ with _____ centers
hypoechoic echogenic
70
are adrenals a required image
no
71
7 fetal abdomen images
abd circumference stomach cord insertion into bladder bladder 2 umbilical arteris 3 vessel cord +/- sag diaphragm with stomach or heart
72
AC used for (2)
presence of stomach position of organs (situs)
73
____ may be seen on AC and confused as stomach
GB
74
AC landmarks (6)
stomach umbilical vein -> portal sinus round shape rib symmetry adrenal glands (not kidneys) spine (lateral orientation)
75
bladder should fill and empty every ___
20 mins
76
presence of bladder indicates
at least one functioning kidney
77
umbilical cord consists of
2 arteries and 1 vein
78
image umbilical cord in ___
trans
79
image cord insertion into _____ and into ____
abdominal wall placenta
80
cord should insert into the placenta more than ____ away from edge of placenta
2cm
81
2 umbilical arteries at bladder will add ___ or ____ doppler
colour power
82
assess location of ___ in relation to diaphragm
stomach
83
long image of abd/chest assess echotexture of lungs compared to _____
liver
84
lungs should be ____ to ____ to liver
isoechoic slightly hyperechoic
85
logn abd/chest includes (3)
heart diaprhagm stomach
86
long abd/chest taken in what plane
parasagittal on the left
87
large bowel ____ in diameter at term
17mm
88
what trimester may include meconium partical and appear more hypoechoic and prominant
3rd
89
8 fetal heart images
4 chamber view left outflow tract right outlflow tracg 3 vessel view IVS (horiz 4CH) heart axis/situs heart rate (m mode) +/- sag diaphragm with heart
90
from abd AC view slide cephalic to find (4 fetal heart images in order)
4CH LVOT RVOT 3 vessel view
91
what image is m mode taken in
4Ch
92
3 things to look for in 4Ch
heart position: left of midline heart axis: apex 45 degrees left heart size: occupies 1/3 of chest
93
fetal heart optimization (4)
fetal echo preset OR decrease sector width zoom increase contrast (decrease dynamic range)
94
4Ch apex should be pointed
up
95
if you have IVS _____ to apex to get 4CH
slide
96
LVOT included
LV RV AoV LA think A3C
97
RVOT includes
RA RV PA think PSAX base
98
cine clip of heart should be _____s long for fetal heart sweep
6-12
99
fetal heart sweep includes (5)
stomach 4CH LVOT RVOT 3 vessel view
100
look at BPP notes/someone else flashcards
okay