Physiology Of The Integumentary System Flashcards by Jas Ksjdnd

Physiology of the Integumentary System

Protection
Sensation
Vitamin D Production
Temperature Regulation
Immunity
Excretion

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Plays an important role in reducing water loss because its lipids act as the barrier to the diffusion of water

Intact Skin

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Prevents microorganism and other foreign substances from entering the body.

Skin

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Protects underlying structures against abrasion

Stratified Squamos Epithelium

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Absorbs ultraviolet light and protects underlying structures from its damaging effects

Melanin

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acts as heat insulator

Hair on the head

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keep sweat out of the eye

eyebrows

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Protects the eyes from foreign objects

Eyelashes

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Prevents the entry of dust and other material in ears or nose

Hair on the nose and ears

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Protects the end of the fingers and toes from damage and can be use in defense

Nails

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Receptors in the epidermis and dermis can detect:

Pain
Heat
Cold
Pressure

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Although hair does not
have a nerve supply,
sensory receptors
around the hair follicle
can detect the
movement of hair

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It is formed when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light

Precursor Molecule of Vitamin D

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The precursor is carried by the
____ to the ____, where it is
modified, and then to the
____, where the precursor
is modified further to form
____.

Blood to the Liver
Kidneys
Active Vitamin D

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stimulates the small
intestine to absorb calcium and

Vitamin D

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important because the rate of chemical
reactions within the body can be increased or decreased by changes in body temperate

Regulation of Body Temperature

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Factors that tend to Raise Body Temperature

Exercise
Fever
Increase in Environmental Temperature

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Dilate and
enable more blood to flow within the skin, thus transferring heat from deeper tissues to the skin

Blood vessel in dermis

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Acts as a
barrier that prevents direct
entry of pathogen

Immunity

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defensins

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)

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Sphingomyelin

Cathelicidins and lipids

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acts as a biomolecular barrier that disrupts bacterial

Glucosylceramides

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plays a minor role
in excretion, the removal
of waste products from the
body

Integumentary System

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Sweat contains small
amounts of waste products,
such as:

Urea
Uric Acid
Ammonia

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2 Ways of Tissue Repair (Wound Healing)

Regeneration Fibrosis

Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cell

Regeneration

Repair by dense (fibrous) connective tissue (scar tissue)

Fibrosis

Complete restoration of organ structure and function after an injury

Regeneration

Phase of tissue repair in which connective tissues replaces parenchymal tissues

Fibrosis

Complete restoration of of the structure of the damaged is possible

Restoration

Restores some original structure but can cause structural derangements

Fibrosis

Restores the function of the tissue

Regeneration

Leads to loss of function in the tissue

Fibrosis

Without Scar Formation

Regeneration

With Scar Formation

Fibrosis

Events of Tissue Repair

Hemostasis Inflammation Sets the Stage Granulation Tissue Forms Regeneration and Fibrosis Affect Permanent Repair

body’s natural reaction to an injury that stops bleeding and repairs the damage. This capability is usually for your benefit, conserving blood and preventing infections

Hemostasis

body’s natural reaction to an injury that stops bleeding and repairs the damage. This capability is usually for your benefit, conserving blood and preventing infections

Hemostasis

Capillaries become very permeable Clotting proteins migrate into the area from the bloodstream A clot walls off the injured area

Inflammation Sets the Stage

Physical Effects of Inflammation

Swelling Pain Heat

Growth of new capillaries

Angiogenesis

•Growth of new capillaries (angiogenesis) •Phagocytes dispose of blood clot •Mesenchymal cells replaced by fibroblasts •Rebuild collagen fibers

Granulation Tissue Forms

Scab Detaches Whether the scar is visible or invisible depends on the severity of the wound

Regeneration and Fibrosis Affect Permanent Repair

Tissue that regenerate easily

Epithelial tissue (skin and mucous membranes) Fibrous connective tissues and bone

Tissue that regenerate poorly

Skeletal muscle

Tissue that are replaced largely w/ scar tissue

Cardiac Muscle Nervous Tissue within the Brain and Spinal Cord

Injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity and radiation Classified according to its depth

Burn

Part of stratum basale remains viable, and regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burn area, as well as from the edges of the burn

Partial thickness burns

Types of Partial Thickness Burns

First-degree burns Second-degree burns Third-degree burns

Involved only the epidermis Red and painful Slight edema or swelling

First-degree burn

Damage both Epidermis and Dermis Dermal Damage is minimal - redness, pain, edema blister When burn goes deep into the dermis - wound appear ref, tan, /white, several months to heal and forms scar

Second-degree burn

Epidermis and Dermis is completely destroyed Recovery occurs from the edges of the burn wound Surrounded by areas of first and second degree burns Usually painless as sensory receptor in epidermis and dermis is destroyed White, tan, brown, black or deep cherry red

Third-degree burn

General terms for different integumentary carcinomas

Skin cancer

Abnormal growth of skin cells

Skin Cancer

Types of Skin Cancer

1. Basal Cell Carcinoma 2. Squamos cell carcinoma 3. Malignant Melanoma

Most frequent type, begins with cells in the stratum basale and extends into the dermis to produce ___

Basal Cell carcinoma Open ulcer

surgical removal and rafiation therapy cures this type of cancer

Basal Cell Carcinoma

develops from cells immediately superficial to the stratum basale Undergo little no cell division, the cell continue to divide as they produce ____ Nodular, keratinized tumor confined to the epidermis

Squamos Cell Carcinoma Keratin

Rare form of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes, usually in preexisting mole Metastasis is common and unless diagnose and treated early in development this cancer

Malignant Melanoma

Aggregation or "nest" of melanocytes

Mole

appears as flat, large, spreading lesion or as deeply pigmented nodule

Melanoma

How to avoid any form of cancer?

Limiting exposure to sun Use of sun protection to block UV light

Classified into two types based on their wavelength

Ultraviolet Light

Types of Ultraviolet Light

UVA UVB

Longer wavelength

UVA

Shorted wavelength

UVB

Exposure to this causes more tanning of the skin but is associated with development of malignant melanoma

UVA

Exposure to this causes most burning of the skin and is associated with the development of sunburn, tanning, sun spot and blistering which also can lead to skin cancer

UVB

As the body ages the skin is?

more easily damaged

Aging affects

Skin Infection are more likely Repair of skin occurs more slowly

Decrease in the activity of elastic fibers in the dermis and loss of adipose tissue from subcutaneous tissue cause skin to

Sag and Wrinkle

Decrease in the activity of sweat glands and in the blood supply to the dermis results in

Reduced Ability to Regulate Body Temperature

As sebaceous gland activity decreases.. The skin

Becomes drier

caused by increase melanin production

freckles

Generally, melanocytes decreases as age increases but no. of melanocytes increases in some area is possible to form or produce

Age Spot

gray and white hair is due to

Decrease in or Lack in Melanin Production

Physiology Of The Integumentary System Flashcards

(76 cards)