Skeletal System (Midterm)

Question 1

In infants most of the skeleton is

Answer 1

Cartilage

Question 2

Strong flexible tissue

Answer 2

cartilage

Question 3

Over time the cartilage is
replaced by solid bone,
usually complete by the
time you stop growing.

Question 4

Not all cartilage is
replaced in adults. Many
joints contain cartilage,
protecting the ends of
bones (ears and the end
of the nose is also
cartilage).

Question 5

How many % of bone in adult body weigth

Answer 5

20%

Question 6

Bone is made up of minerals which is

Answer 6

Calcium
Phosphorus

Question 7

Types of Bone Cell

Answer 7

Osteogenic Cell
Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast

Question 8

Other term for Osteogenic Cell

Answer 8

Osteoprogenitor Cell

Question 9

are mitotically active stem
cells found in the membranous periosteum and endosteum.

Answer 9

Osteogenic Cell

Question 10

mature bone cells; monitor and maintain the bone matrix

Answer 10

osteocytes

Question 11

bone-forming cells; synthesize and secrete collagen matrix and calcium salts

Answer 11

Osteoblast

Question 12

giant bone-destroying cells
Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium in
response to parathyroid hormone

Answer 12

Osteoclast

Question 13

Bone remodeling is performed by both

Answer 13

Osteoclast and Osteoblast

Question 14

Process of bone formation

Answer 14

Ossification

Question 15

Ossification occurs in

Answer 15

Hyaline Cartilage Model
Fibrous Membrane

Question 16

Types of Ossification

Answer 16

Intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification

Question 17

Both type of bone formation result in

Answer 17

Compact and Spongy Bone

Question 18

Bone formation that occurs within connective tissue membranes
Occurs when osteoblasts begin to produce bone within CT
Bones of the skull

Answer 18

Intramembranous Ossification

Question 19

Bone formation that occurs inside hyaline cartilage
Cartilage model is replaced by bone

Answer 19

Endochondral Ossification

Question 20

bone formation in the diaphysis of a long bone

Answer 20

Primary Ossification Center

Question 21

bone formation in the epiphysis

Answer 21

Secondary Ossification Center

Question 22

Bone Growth

Answer 22

Appositional Growth
Interstitial Growth

Question 23

Bone Growth from outside

Answer 23

Appositional Growth

Question 24

Bone growth from within

Answer 24

Interstitial Growth

Question 25

Bones grow in width ▪ Osteoblasts in the periosteum add bone matrix to the outside of the diaphysis Osteoclasts in the endosteum remove bone from the inner surface of the diaphysis

Answer 25

Appositional Growth

Question 26

Bones expands Lacunae bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix

Answer 26

Interstitial Growth

Question 27

Bone growth is controlled by ___ especially

Answer 27

Hormones Growth and Sex Hormones

Question 28

Break in a Bone

Answer 28

Fractures

Question 29

Type of Bone Fracture

Answer 29

Close (Simple) Fracture Open (Compound) Fracture

Question 30

Break that does not penetrate the skin

Answer 30

Close (Simple) Fracture

Question 31

broken bone that penetrates through the skin

Answer 31

Open (Compound) Fracture

Question 32

Bone fracture are treated by

Answer 32

Reduction and Immobilization

Question 33

bones are manually coaxed into position by physician’s hands

Answer 33

closed reduction

Question 34

Bone are secured with pins or wires during surgery

Answer 34

Open reduction

Question 35

Healing of fracture is up to

Answer 35

6-8 weeks

Question 36

Repair of bone fractures involves four major events

Answer 36

Hematoma Fibrocartilage Callus Bony Callus replaces fibrocartilage cal Bone remodeling

Question 37

Common Types of Fracture

Answer 37

Comminuted Compression Depressed Impacted Spiral Greenstick

Question 38

Bone breaks into 3 or more fragments Common in older people as bone are more brittle

Answer 38

Comminuted

Question 39

Bone is Crushed Common in Porous Bone

Answer 39

Compression

Question 40

Broken bone ends are forced into each other Occurs when someone attemps to break a fall with outstretched arms

Answer 40

Impacted

Question 41

Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to the bone Common sports fracture

Answer 41

Spiral

Question 42

Bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks Common in children where it is more flexible that adults

Answer 42

Greenstick

Question 43

Function of Skeletal System

Answer 43

Support Assistance in Movement Protection Blood Cell Formation Storage Triglyceride Storage

Question 44

consists mainly of adipose cells, which store triglycerides. The stored triglycerides are a potential chemical energy reserve.

Answer 44

Yellow bone marrow

Question 45

produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, a process called

Answer 45

Red bone marrow Hematopoiesis

Question 46

Broken bone portion is pressed inwards Typical of skull fracture

Answer 46

Depressed