Physiology Of The Small Intestine And Accesory Organs 1

Question 1

Question: What is the primary role of the exocrine component of the pancreas?

Answer 1

Answer: The exocrine component, comprising 99% of cells, acts as an accessory organ to digestion by secreting an enzyme-rich fluid into the duodenum.

Question 2

Question: What is the function of the exocrine pancreas regarding digestion?

Answer 2

Answer: The exocrine pancreas is responsible for breaking down all categories of digestible food.

Question 3

Question: What is the primary function of the endocrine component of the pancreas?

Answer 3

Answer: The endocrine component, consisting of 1% of cells, releases hormones into the bloodstream that affect carbohydrate metabolism.

Question 4

Question: Name the hormones released by the endocrine pancreas and their respective producing cells.

Answer 4

Answer: The endocrine pancreas releases insulin (Islet β-cells), glucagon (Islet α-cells), and somatostatin (Islet δ-cells).

Question 5

Question: How does the structure of the pancreas compare to salivary glands?

Answer 5

Answer: The structure of the pancreas is similar to salivary glands.

Question 6

Question: What is the primary function of acinar cells in the pancreas?

Answer 6

Answer: Acinar cells secrete enzymes and fluid into the duct system.

Question 7

Question: Describe the fusion of the pancreatic duct with the bile duct.

Answer 7

Answer: The pancreatic duct fuses with the bile duct upon entry into the duodenum.

Question 8

Question: What controls the constitution of pancreatic juice?

Answer 8

Answer: The constitution of pancreatic juice is under the control of local nerves and hormones.

Question 9

Question: What are the two main components of pancreatic juice?

Answer 9

Answer: Pancreatic juice consists of an aqueous component and an enzymatic component.

Question 10

Question: What does the aqueous component of pancreatic juice primarily consist of?

Answer 10

Answer: The aqueous component is a watery fluid.

Question 11

Question: What characterizes the enzymatic component of pancreatic juice?

Answer 11

Answer: The enzymatic component contains various digestive enzymes.

Question 12

Question: Why is the pancreas considered a potentially dangerous organ to injure?

Answer 12

Answer: Due to the potency of its enzyme contents, the pancreas is considered a very dangerous organ to injure.

Question 13

Question: What is the daily secretion range of the aqueous component of pancreatic juice?

Answer 13

Answer: The aqueous component is secreted in the range of 200-800 ml each day.

Question 14

Question: What is the pH of the aqueous component of pancreatic juice, and what substance contributes to this pH?

Answer 14

Answer: The pH of the aqueous component is approximately 8, and it is rich in bicarbonate, contributing to its alkaline nature.

Question 15

Question: What role does the aqueous component play in the digestive process as chyme enters the duodenum?

Answer 15

Answer: The aqueous component helps neutralize acidic chyme as it enters the duodenum.

Question 16

Question: Which hormone stimulates the secretion of the aqueous component?

Answer 16

Answer: The secretion of the aqueous component is stimulated by the hormone secretin.

Question 17

Question: What are the proteolytic enzymes involved in peptide cleavage?

Answer 17

Answer: Trypsin, chymotrypsins, carboxypeptidases.