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Endo Exam 2 > Physiology Review II > Flashcards

Physiology Review II Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

urinary and repro organs from?

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

masculinization of gonads?

A

TDF from SRY on Y chromosome

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3
Q

PGC migration

A

4-6 weeks

necessary for formation of gonads

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4
Q

testes formation

A

TDF
primitive sex cords - solid tubes
-canalized

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5
Q

primitive sex cords in males

A

seminiferous tubules
tubuli recti (straight)
rete testis

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6
Q

cortex in males

A

tunica albuginea

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7
Q

testicular descent

A

needs testosterone

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8
Q

mesonephric duct

A

wolffian

  • presence of testosterone
  • develop to male
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9
Q

paramesonephric duct

A

mullerian

  • AMH causes regresion
  • develop to female (absences of AMH)
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10
Q

AMH

A

from sertoli cells

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11
Q

mesonephric tubule structures

A

efferent ductules, appendix of epididymis

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12
Q

mesonephric duct structures

A

epididymis
ductus deferens
ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicle

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13
Q

urethra structures

A

prostate and bulbourethral glands

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14
Q

paramesonephric in male

A

regresses
appendix of testis
prostatic utricle

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15
Q

external genitalia indifferent

A

cloacal folds - urethral and anal folds
genital tubercle
genital swellings

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16
Q

glans penis

A

genital tubercle

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17
Q

hypospadias

A

urethra ventral penis

testosterone dependent**

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18
Q

epispadias

A

urethra dorsal

testosterone independent

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19
Q

cryptorchidism

A

no testes descent

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20
Q

female gonad

A

primitive sex cords medulla degenerate
cortical sex cords from epithelium form follicular cells of oogonia

cortex forms ovary
medulla regresses

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21
Q

female genes?

A

WNT4

DAX1

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22
Q

caudal paramesonephric duct female

A

uterus, cervix, superior vagina

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23
Q

sinovaginal bulb

A

inferior vagina

forms from cloaca
-canalizeds month 5

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24
Q

hymen

A

separate UG sinus from vagina

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25
urethral endoderm
greater vestibular and skenes glands
26
female external development
genital tubercle - clitoris labioscrotal swellings - labia majora urethral folds - labia minora
27
uterus arcuatus
indentation at fundus of uterus
28
uterus didelphys
double uterus double vagina complete lack of fusion - two sinovaginal bulbs
29
uterus bicornis
partial lack of fusion | two uterus / one vagina
30
uterus unicornis
one paramesonephric duct agenesis
31
uterus bicornis unicollis
caudal of one paramesonephric duct doesnt form 1 uterus isolated
32
epoophoron, paroophoron, gartners duct
all can form cysts
33
klinefelter
XXY, nondisjunction gynecomastia infertile - low T
34
turner
XO, nondisjunction streak gonads short stature, broad chest, short neck lymphademea of hands and feet
35
swyer
``` 46 XY mutation of SRY - no TDF streak gonads - cancerous amenorrhea female external and internal - no ovaries ```
36
hermaphroditis
ovotestes most 46, XX translocation of Y (SRY) to X chromosome ambiguous external genitalia
37
female pseudohermaphroditism
46, XX adrenal hyperplasia excessive androgens male external genitalia
38
male pseudohermaphroditism
46, XY testes form insuficient androgen and AMH external/internal female
39
androgen insensitivity
46, XY vagina, short, blind ending testes lack androgen receptors mesonephric and paramesonephric degenerate female external
40
uterine contractions
PS
41
detrusor muscle
PS
42
sympathetics
vasoconstrict - peristalsis - gland secretions
43
parasympathetics
vasodilator + peristalsis uterine contractions detrusor contractions
44
parasympathetics?
pelvic splanchnic | S2-4
45
pelvic splanchnic
PS S2-4 to inferior hypogastric plexus
46
ganglion impar
where R and L sympathetic chain merge
47
sympathetics?
``` lumbar splanchnic (major) - T11-L2 sacral splanchnic (minor) - T12-L2 ```
48
lumbar splanchnic
major symapthetic T11-L2 | -hypogastric nerve to inferior hypogastric
49
sacral splanchnic
minor symapthetics T12-L2 | -sympathetic chain to inferior hypogastric
50
perineum
S - pudendal | PS - cavernous plexus
51
urinary bladder
S - lumbar/sacral splanchnic -contract trigonal PS - pelvic splanchnic -contract detrusor
52
urethra
S - lumbar/sacral splanchnic | PS - pelvic splanchnic
53
perineal uertha
pudendal S2-4
54
testes
S - lesser splanchnic | PS vagus
55
ejaculation
sympathetic and somatic
56
internal male repro organs
S - lumbar/sacral splanchnic | PS - pelvic splanchnic
57
penis
dorsal n to penis - S | cavernous nerves - PS
58
erection
parasympathetic | -cavernous nerve to helicine arteries
59
ovary/uterine tube
S - lesser splanchnic | PS - vagus
60
uterus, cervix, vagina (superior)
S - lumbar/sacral splanchnic | PS - pelvic splanchnic
61
inferior vagina
pudendal somatic
62
above pectinate
S - lumbar/sacral splanchnic | PS - pelvic splanchnic
63
below pectinate
S inferior rectal n (somatic)
64
defecation
PS afferents - distension peristalsis - PS internal sphincter - tonically contracted
65
pelvic pain line
peritonealized difference between S and PS pain above - S T11-L2 below - PS S2-4
66
ureter
S pain
67
superior bladder
S pain
68
inferior bladder
PS pain
69
urethra
PS pain
70
rectum
PS pain
71
penis
somatic - pudendal pain
72
testes, epididymis, vas deferens
S pain
73
ovary
S pain
74
uterus fundus and body
S pain
75
cervix and upper vagina
PS
76
lower vagina
pudendal somatic
77
lumbar epidural
everything gone
78
caudal epidural
sacral canal - no pain cervix, vagina, perineum - feel contractions fundus and body
79
pudendal nerve block
majority of perineum - feel no somatic pain - feel everything else
80
referred pain from PS
T12-L2 - lower back
81
referred pain from S
perineal region

Endo Exam 2 (17 decks)

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