Piaget, Vygotsky, and Erikson Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is Piaget’s cognitive development theory?
Believed children think differently as they age. He believed that children build their knowledge through experiences, and as they learn new ideas, their minds adapt.
What is Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory?
Vygotsky believed that children’s knowledge was a personal construction developed through interactions with the people in their cultural environment.
What is Erikson’s Psychosocial theory?
Erikson believed that people go through eight stages of personality development throughout their lives, from birth to death.
How are Vygotsky and Piaget’s theories different?
Piaget: A child’s current level of thinking or milestone, typically reached during the preschool age, reflects what they are thinking.
Vygotsky: Laying the foundation for more abstract thinking helped them add to their knowledge, scaffolding.
How are Vygotsky and Piaget’s theories similar?
Both Piaget and Vygotsky believed that learning is a process of constructing knowledge and that cognitive development progresses through stages.
List the four stages in Piaget’s cognitive development theory.
Sensorimotor (birth to 2 yrs old)
Preoperational (2 - 7 yrs)
Concrete Operational (7 -11 yrs)
Formal Operational (12+ yrs)
Sensorimotor Stage (birth - 2 yrs)
Babies begin to understand the concept of object permanence.
Substages of Sensorimotor Stage
Reflexes (0 -1 month)
Primary Circular Reactions (1 - 4 months)
Secondary Circular reactions ( 4 - 8 months)
Coordination of Reactions ( 8 - 12 months)
Tertiary Circular Reactions ( 12 - 18 months)
Early Representational Thought (18 - 24 months)
Preoperational stage (2 - 7 yrs)
Young children develop symbolic thought
Concrete Operational ( 7 -11 yrs)
Kids display logical thought
Formal Operational (12+ yrs)
From adolescence to adulthood, they can use and understand scientific reasoning.
List the first five stages of Erikson’s Psychosocial theory.
Trust vs Mistrust (birth to 18 months)
Autonomy vs Doubt (18 months to 3 years)
Initiative vs Guilt (3 to 5 years)
Industry vs Inferiority (5 to 13 years)
Identity vs (Role) Confusion (13 to 21 years)
Trust vs Mistrust (Birth to 18 months)
Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection. A lack of those three things will lead to mistrust.
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (18 months to 3 years)
Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, and failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
Initiative vs Guilt (3 to 5 years)
Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who attempt to exert too much power often experience disapproval, which can lead to feelings of guilt.
Industry vs Inferiority (5 to 13 years)
Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.
Identity vs (Role) Confusion (13 to 21 years)
Teens work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are.
