Pig Nutrition II

Question 1

how do pigs get energy from their diet?

Answer 1

feed digestible carbs (corn grain) and some fat

Question 2

do pigs have a specific protein requirement?

Answer 2

no, but a specific amino acid requirement

Question 3

do pigs in a commercial setting or a pasture setting gain weight faster?

Answer 3

commercial setting

Question 4

what would be a high quality source of amino acids for pigs?

Answer 4

1. SBM
2. meat and bone meal

Question 5

what do DDGS contain?

Answer 5

some starch and sugar

Question 6

why is there a concern with feeding DDGS?

Answer 6

high in unsaturated fat -> contributes to soft pork

Question 7

adding fat above what percent will improve ADG but cause feed handling problems? (bridging/caking)

Answer 7

above 5%

Question 8

what prevents rancidity with prolonged storage or high temps of fat?

Answer 8

antioxidants

Question 9

how do pigs deposit fat?

Answer 9

deposit fat with same fatty acid profile as dietary fat, so high unsat fat = soft pork/soft fat

Question 10

what is soft fat?

Answer 10

makes pork bellies difficult to slice for bacom

Question 11

which amino acids are most cereal grains limiting?

Answer 11

lysine, tryptophan, threonine, methionine

Question 12

it is most important to evaluate protein sources for which aa?

Answer 12

lysine - SID lysine in pigs

Question 13

by-product and heavily processed feeds are highly variable in what?

Answer 13

highly variable in AA availability

Question 14

which feed approximates the AA profile of animal tissue?

Answer 14

SBM

Question 15

which diet can be used as the sole protein source in most diets?

Answer 15

SBM

Question 16

who has issues with SBM digestibility?

Answer 16

piglets have issues with SBM digestibility immediately after weaning

Question 17

what is the upper limit for fat inclusion in pig diets?

Answer 17

5%

Question 18

how have plant breeders addressed the issue of limitations of energy and lysine in corn/soybean based diets?

Answer 18

high oil corn (6.5% v 3.5%) and high lysine corn (0.30% v 0.26%)

Question 19

which feed particles may cause an increase in gastric ulcers?

Answer 19

extremely fine particles 460 microns

Question 20

what is the ideal particle size for feed?

Answer 20

700-800 microns

Question 21

what are the major minerals for pigs?

Answer 21

Ca and P

Question 22

what does excess Ca cause?

Answer 22

parakeratosis: high Ca interferes with Zn absorption

Question 23

what enzyme is necessary to digest phytate?

Answer 23

phytase

Question 24

50-70% of phosphorus in plants is in the form of what?

Answer 24

phytate

Question 25

which vitamins should be added to pig diets?

Answer 25

A, E, D, K, B

Question 26

how much water do pigs consume?

Answer 26

up to 10 lbs of water for every 1lb of dry feed

Question 27

most major pork processors have banned use of what?

Answer 27

growth promotants - paylean

Question 28

what does the VFD do?

Answer 28

remove production uses for antibiotics (growth promotion, feed efficiency) that are medically important

Question 29

when do most nutritional problems occur?

Answer 29

gross mismanagement in the preparation of pre-mixes, prolonged storagee of feed under adverse conditions, incorrect mixing

Question 30

what is mulberry heart disease?

Answer 30

vitamin E or Se deficiency -> fluid in pericardial sac, fibrin strands, hemorrhaging

Question 31

what is vomitoxin?

Answer 31

produced by mycotoxin and causes vomiting and feed refusal

Question 32

who is largely affected by vomitoxin?

Answer 32

growing and nursery pigs

Question 33

what is zearalanone?

Answer 33

estrogenic compound, causes irregular estrus cycles, decreased litter size, testicular atrophy

Question 34

who should be fed contaminated grain instead of pigs?

Answer 34

growing cattle

Question 35

which mineral is unavailable as phytate in plant feed sources?

Answer 35

phosphorus

Question 36

what is the recommendation to feed potbellied pigs?

Answer 36

2% of ideal weight / day

Question 37

how long is the starter diet fed to mini pigs?

Answer 37

up to 7 weeks

Question 38

how long is a grower diet fed to mini pigs?

Answer 38

8-16 weeks to 1 year

Question 39

how long is a maintenance diet fed to mini pigs?

Answer 39

>1 year