Poultry Nutrition

Question 1

why did poultry production change after discovery of vitamin D?

Answer 1

production can move indoors

Question 2

what is a hen?

Answer 2

female adult

Question 3

what is a rooster?

Answer 3

male adult

Question 4

what is a pullet?

Answer 4

immature female chick

Question 5

what is a cockerel?

Answer 5

immature male chick

Question 6

what is a chick?

Answer 6

baby male or female

Question 7

what is a dual purpose chicken?

Answer 7

used for either meat or egg production

Question 8

what is a non-setting hen?

Answer 8

hen that doesn’t want to incubate

Question 9

what is a broody hen?

Answer 9

hen wanting to incubate eggs, lay eggs and set for 21 days

Question 10

what breeds are usually commercial egg production?

Answer 10

white leghorns

Question 11

what breeds are commercial meat production?

Answer 11

cornish cross - cornish chicken x white rock

Question 12

what is breeding stock?

Answer 12

most are cornish rocks or cornish crosses

Question 13

what is a pullet farm?

Answer 13

raise female from hatching to puberty

Question 14

what is a breeding farm

Answer 14

restrict feeding to prevent from getting too fat

Question 15

what is a hatchery

Answer 15

incubate eggs, sort chicks based on gender and vaccinate

Question 16

what is a broiler farm

Answer 16

full grown in 6 weeks, weigh 3.5-5.5 pounds

Question 17

what is the average size of a commercial chicken house

Answer 17

40x400 feet and can hold up to 11000 chickens

Question 18

how long is a starter diet fed to broiler chickens

Answer 18

fed for about 2 weeks

Question 19

what is the starter diet for broiler chickens

Answer 19

22-25% CP - lysine and methionine are adequate, energy about 1425 kcal/lb feed

Question 20

how long is a grower diet fed to broiler chickens

Answer 20

2-3 weeks

Question 21

what percent of a grower diet is CP

Answer 21

21-23%

Question 22

what percent of a finishing diet is CP

Answer 22

19-21%

Question 23

which aa are essential for growing chickens

Answer 23

glycine and serine

Question 24

how long is a starter diet fed to laying hens

Answer 24

6 weeks

Question 25

what should be avoided in a starter diet for laying hens

Answer 25

avoid deficiencies/imbalances

Question 26

how long is a grower diet fed to laying hens

Answer 26

6 weeks old to sexual maturity

Question 27

how much do pullets weigh on a grower diet

Answer 27

3.25 lbs

Question 28

what is a layer phase 1 diet

Answer 28

formulated to support growth, still growing and increasing in egg production

Question 29

what is a layer phase 2 diet

Answer 29

start declining in egg production but increase in egg weight

Question 30

what is a layer phase 3 diet

Answer 30

start decreasing output, only increase slightly in egg weight

Question 31

what is needed for strong eggshells

Answer 31

high calcium

Question 32

what is the Ca:P ratio for laying hens

Answer 32

12:1

Question 33

what is forced molting

Answer 33

restrict feed and light -> forced molt lasts 3-6 weeks, higher rate of egg production post molt

Question 34

which step of the supply chain raises young female chickens for breeding

Answer 34

pullet farm

Question 35

what are rickets in young meat birds

Answer 35

due to imbalance in Ca, P, vitamin D

Question 36

what is tibial dyschondroplasia and when do signs appear

Answer 36

14-25 days of age, abn cartilage mass in proximal head of tibiotarsus

Question 37

what are clinical signs of tibial dyschondroplasia

Answer 37

reluctant to walk, stiff gait, swaying

Question 38

what is tibial dyschondroplasia due to

Answer 38

imbalance of Ca:P, genetic

Question 39

what is cage layer fatigue

Answer 39

paralysis during/following high egg production

Question 40

what causes vertebra fx during cage layer fatigue

Answer 40

impaired Ca flux

Question 41

what is perosis

Answer 41

enlargement and malformation of tibiometatarsal joint, thickening and shortening of leg bones, slippage of gastroc tendon

Question 42

what is perosis caused by

Answer 42

manganese deficiency

Question 43

what impairs Mn absorption

Answer 43

Ca, P too high

Question 44

what is encephalomalacia caused by

Answer 44

vitamin E deficiency

Question 45

what is exudative diathesis

Answer 45

deficient in vitamin E and selenium

Question 46

what is muscular dystrophy

Answer 46

lack sulfur, AA, and vitamin E shows up around 4 weeks old

Question 47

what is egg binding caused by

Answer 47

Ca deficiency

Question 48

what are signs of dystocia

Answer 48

reluctant to move, depressed, eyes closed, dyspnea, distended abd

Question 49

how is dystocia treated

Answer 49

keep in warm, humid area; fluids; perenteral Ca; analgesics; oxytocin; anesthesia

Question 50

which disorder is due to impaired Ca flux

Answer 50

cage layer fatigue

Question 51

what is breaking a set for broody hens

Answer 51

place hen in wire bottom cage raised off floor in well lit location

Question 52

what is nutrition requirement for broody hen

Answer 52

eat 80% less during set, give chick starter diets

Question 53

why is it imperative to feed birds properly

Answer 53

nutritional deficiencies show up quickly in birds

Question 54

when are starter rations fed to backyard flocks

Answer 54

hatch to 6 weeks

Question 55

when are grower rations fed to backyard flocks

Answer 55

6 weeks to 18 weeks

Question 56

when are layer rations fed to backyard flocks

Answer 56

18 weeks or older