pigs Flashcards
(57 cards)
1
Q
what is the pork consumption per capita in ausralia
A
20kg per person/year
2
Q
what position is australia in worlwide producer and epxorter
A
- 18th producer
- 10th exporter
3
Q
what is african swine fever
A
- woorst pig disease world wide
- 70-100% of pigs die in 4-21 days
4
Q
how much pork does australia produce per year
A
- 445000 tonnes
5
Q
what is the average carcass weight of pig
A
80.2kg
6
Q
define:
- porker
- Baconer
A
porker = pig used for fresh meat, marketed at lighter weights
baconer = used for curing or fresh meat (bacon) marketed at heavier weights
7
Q
how much of Aus pork is exported
A
10%
8
Q
where does aus export pork to
A
- singapore
- phillapines
- new zealand
- papau new guinea
- neetherlands
9
Q
what percentage opf pork consumed in aus is fresh pork
A
- 60%
10
Q
how much of pork consumed in Aus is imported
A
46%
11
Q
how much of greenhouse gas is due to pork
A
0.4%
12
Q
how many pigs slaughtered every year in aus
A
- 5.55 million
13
Q
who are the two producers of pork in Aus
A
- rivalea and sunpork
14
Q
avg size of pig herds in aus
A
- 200 sows
15
Q
what are pigs fed
A
- barley and wheat
- lupins and canola
- swill is ILLEGAL (meat)
16
Q
what are ffluent ponds
A
- dump wastes and are decomposed, release emissions
17
Q
where are pigs raised in aus
A
- south west
- coast of east aus
18
Q
how many pigs in australia
A
271000
19
Q
gestation of pigs
A
115 days
20
Q
what are:
- breeder shds
- farrowing shed
- weaner sheds
- grower/finisher shed
A
- breeder =
- farrowing =
- weaner =
- grower =
21
Q
what is the aim of nutrition in pigs
A
- high feed efficiency, low feed conversion ratio
- herd feed conversion ratio = 3.4-3.8
22
Q
structure of pig industry
A
- nucleus farms -> pure breeds (closed herds)
- mutlplication famrs (produce live pigs to sell)
- commercial farms (breed pigs bought in and breed for meat)
23
Q
define:
- boar
- barrow/castrate
- gilt
- sow
A
- boar = entire male
- barrow/castrate = surgically castrated
- gilt = female not farrowed yet
- sow = breeding female that has had a litter
24
Q
what is breeding interval
A
number of days between weaning and breeding
25
what is repeat/return
- failure to concieve (18-24 days)
26
what is farrowing rate
- number farrowed / number bred
27
what is:
parity
dry sow
parity = numbeer of farrowings for sow
dry sow = any period where she is not lactating, includes gestation
28
what is:
- litter
- piglet/suckler
- farrowing
- lacttating
litter = group piglets
piglet = still nursing
- farrowing = giving birth
- lactating = producing milk
29
what is a maternity ring
- bar in circle/ring instead of cage
30
what is pre-weaning mortality
the percentage of deaths between birth and weaning
31
what procedures are done on piglets
- rion injectioon
- teeth clipping
- tail docking
- ear notching
- castration
- baycox -> coccidiosis
32
when does weaning occur in pigs
- 3-5 wks (5-12kg)
33
define weaner
- piglett from weaning until 10 weeks old
- grower after 10 weeks
34
what s a grower and fnisher
grower = 10-16 weeks, 30-60kg
finisher = 16-21 weeks, 60-110kg
35
influencers of performance
1. environemnt
2. pig -> genetics, age,
3. pathogens
36
what to know when handling pigs
- instincts
- handlig facltiies
- stockperson behaviour
37
instinct characterisitcs of pigs
- vision (panoramic, bad depth), easily distracted, blind spot behind
- response to light
- natural escape and following behaviour
38
pig flight zone and point of balance
- pob is where they will want to move if you stand behnd and infront of it
- pob is shoulder
- flight zone is distance away from them that they will be spooked and move
39
what s a pig's repsonse to light?
- don'tt like bright orang
- can't focus both eyes on one spot
- uneven flooring is scary as they can't see well
40
what does natural instinct to escape and follow mean
- will escape any where they can
- follow friends/leader
- like to maintain visual of the leader/other pigs
41
what's an ideal pig size
3-5 pigs
42
how does handling facilities impact pigs
- upwards ramps good
- corners - not good
- changes in lights - not good
- noise - not good
43
behaviour with pigs that are goood
- gentle touch back
- scratches
- slow deliberate movements
- normal level talking
- if a slap is audible, it is negative
44
equipment
- stockboard -> vision
- electric prodder = not necessary
- polypipe, flags, rattle = good, simple
45
snaring rules
- never snare outside pen
- dont catch pig
- don't move pig once snared
- two hands on snare
46
abnormal behaviours
- agression over resources
- lying in toilet area
huddling or piling on each other
- panting
47
what s optimal pig temp
38.5-39.5
48
what are vices
- abnormal behaviour
- caused by disease or sow issues, stress etc
49
what are common wrong things in environments causing vices
- stock density
- salt
- water availability
- air quality
- humidity
50
hoow is ammonia tested
- glass sampling tube
51
how long is weaning service
5 days in weaning shed
52
how long is oestrus cycle
21 days
- oestrus behaviour = 2-3 days
- in heat 7-10 mins, then 45 mins in refractory period (ready for mating)
- polyoestrous
53
signs before oestrus
- nervous
- riding other sows
- tacky vaginal discharge
- swollen red vulva
54
signs of oestrus
- stand when riden
- won't eat
- seek boar and calls
- prick ears
- mucoid discharge
- stand in presence of boar
55
courtship sequence
1. sniffing
2. head to head
3. nosing/nudging
4. mounting attempts
5. standing reaction
56
pig gestation length
115 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days)
- 111 days = vulva swells
- 113 = mammary glands visible
- 114 days = restless, off feed, milk, nest building
57
farrowing process
1. lies down an hour before
2. 10 mins before = fluids, leg movements
3. piglets every 10-20 minutes
4. all piglets born, urinates,
5. 4-8hrs later pass placenta
6. lactation
