Pillars Of Conservatism Flashcards
(13 cards)
Human imperfection definition
Humans are flawed which makes them incapable of making good decisions for themselves
Significance of human imperfection to conservatives
Humans desire power and material gratification and are distrustful of each other
The ‘state of nature’, a violent, fearful place where humans are in never ending conflict as they pursue their selfish desires
Therefore, cons recognise importance of state to ensure social order is maintained and society doesn’t fall into anarchy akin to the French Revolution and English civil war
Pragmatism definition
Flexible approach to society w decisions made on the basis of what works
Significance of pragmatism
Informed by empiricism (facts) and deeply distrust the abstract theories ( socialism)
Change is gradual in order to slowly adapt to diffent surroundings and update themselves without ever losing a sense of tradition.
Pragmatism was accepted and continued by the labour gov, clement Attlee e.g. creation of the NHS welfare state
Organic society definition
Society grows slowly and develops like a living organism. The whole is more important than the parts.
Significance of organic society
The state is organism that must evolve if it, and society are to continue to flourish Reject natural rights and believed rights are given by the state.
Customs and institutions of society provide individuals with a sense of belonging and rootedness
People have a duty to maintain society
Libertarianism definition
Political philosophy that emphasises negative freedom and advocates minimal state intervention
Significance of libertarianism
All conservatives, to varying degrees, believe in strong personal freedoms for individuals and a very minor role for the state in our social lives
Traditional cons- like strong law and order and strong national identity. They were more libertarian on economics supporting laissez-faire(do nothing) capitalism from 1700s until after ww2
Tradition definition
Accumulated wisdom of past societies and a connection between the generations
Significance of tradition
Traditions such as religion, monarchy, ancient schools, and political institutions create continuity, which makes society stable and peaceful, they develop national identity and collective conscience that helps society run smoothly
Paternalism definition
Society is hierarchical, and the powerful should rule in the interests of the needy
Significance of paternalism
Society is unequal and arranged in a natural hierarchy, where the ruling class have a noblesse oblige relationship to help those below them. This can also encourage meritocracy( legitimate gov elected by people based on merits) and hard work
Emphasis on a paternalistic relationship between the ruling class and weaker elements w the ruling class having responsibility towards assisting those less advantaged.
Contribute to trickle down economy
How does paternalism and pragmatism all link with Covid?
Covid demonstrated the importance of society to conservatives particularly in the UK and USA. Both agreed to initiarte huge state interfence in the society and economy that at any time would have ben completely unacceptable to their conservative values.
