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Forestry Extension Methods > PinakaFinal > Flashcards

PinakaFinal Flashcards

1
Q

A process by which two or more persons exchange ideas, facts, impressions in way that each gains a common understanding of the meaning, content and use of message

A

COMMUNICATION

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2
Q

Communication is a purposeful process, which involves _______, _____, ____ and ______.

A

sources, messages, channels and receivers

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3
Q

The interchange or transfer of message, feelings and information between two
persons or more than two persons

A

COMMUNICATION PROCESS

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4
Q

A sender (encoder) encodes a message then using a medium/channel sends it to the _________ who decodes the message and after processing information, sends back appropriate ______ using a medium/channel.

A

receiver (decoder), feedback/reply

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5
Q

also known as the “rhetorical triangle” or as the “speaker-audience message” model

A

ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

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6
Q

In Aristotle’s Model of Communication, what are the three main elements?

A

Speaker, Audience, Message

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7
Q

the person who is delivering the message. (Based on AMOC)

A

Speaker

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8
Q

responsible for creating and delivering the message effectively and this includes not only the words but also the delivery style, tone and body language

A

Speaker

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9
Q

group of people who receive the message and considered as essential part of
the communication process

A

Audience

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10
Q

the speaker needs to understand the audience’s _____, _____, _____ and _______ to effectively communicate the message

A

needs, interests, beliefs and values

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11
Q

The content of what is being communicated and should be clear, concise and persuasive.

A

Message

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12
Q

the message should be crafted with the
______ in mind to ensure that it is relevant and engaging

A

audience

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13
Q

What are the elements of communication?

A

Ethos - Credibility
Pathos - Emotion
Logos - Logic

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14
Q

It is the process of the speaker establishing his credibility about the subject he’s talking about

A

ETHOS = “credibility”

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15
Q

______, ______, ______ of the author, writer persuades the audience

A

character, credibility, reputation

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16
Q

emotional appeal of a message

A

PATHOS = “emotion”

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17
Q

can be conveyed through various elements of communications, such as tone of voice, facial expressions, body language and the use of vivid language and imagery

A

PATHOS = “emotion”

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18
Q

logical or rational appeal of a
message

A

LOGOS = “logic”

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19
Q

Logos can be seen as the _______ or ________ behind a message and it is often used to appeal to the audience’s sense of logic or reason

A

argument or reasoning

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20
Q

LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION

A

EXTRA PERSONAL COMMUNICATION
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
MASS COMMUNICATION

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21
Q

the way of communication in which a human interacts with other species or nonliving objects

A

EXTRA PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

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22
Q

communication with the own self or an act of imagination and visualization and even recall and memory

A

INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

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23
Q

a method of communication that helps
every person to communicate with himself
or herself

A

INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

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24
Q

process by which people exchange information, feelings and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages

A

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

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25
Q

sending and receiving of
messages between two or
more number of people

A

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

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26
Q

exchange of information, ideas and
views within and outside the organization

A

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

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27
Q

it is formal and generally objective form communication

A

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

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28
Q

a process in which a person, group of people or an organization sends a message through a channel of communication to a large group of people and organizations

A

MASS COMMUNICATION

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29
Q

the process whereby media organizations produce and transmit message to public and the process by which those messages are sought, used, understood and influenced by audience

A

MASS COMMUNICATION

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30
Q

any obstruction that comes from the source and receiver that aids in altering the original meaning of the message

A

BARRIERS TO GOOD COMMUNICATION

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31
Q

BARRIERS TO GOOD COMMUNICATION

A

SEMANTIC BARRIERS
PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
CULTURAL BARRIERS
PHYSICAL BARRIERS
PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS

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32
Q

also known as language barriers

A

SEMANTIC BARRIERS

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33
Q

these barriers are caused due to improper
communication between the sender and
the receiver

A

SEMANTIC BARRIERS

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34
Q

plays an important role in interpersonal
communication as the state of mind of the sender or the receiver can make it difficult to understand the information that is conveyed

A

PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS

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35
Q

caused due to the structure, rules and regulations present in the organization

A

ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS

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36
Q

complexity of organizational structure and multiple managers make it difficult to convey information properly and the
information gets distorted leading to miscommunication

A

ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS

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37
Q

those that arise due to lack of similarities
among the different cultures across the
world

A

CULTURAL BARRIERS

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38
Q

a term that can be harmless in one culture
can be regarded as a slang in another culture

A

CULTURAL BARRIERS

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39
Q

those that arise due to certain factors like faulty equipment, noise, closed doors and cabins that cause the information sent from sender to receiver to become distorted

A

PHYSICAL BARRIERS

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40
Q

arise when a sender or receiver of the communication is not in position to express or receive the message with clarity due to some physiological issues like dyslexia or nerve disorders that interfere with speech or hearing

A

PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS

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41
Q

a process that revolves around the people’s lives, experiences and aspirations

A

COMMUNITY ORGANIZING

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42
Q

a process that is people centered and geared towards continuing capability building, self-reliance and empowerment

A

COMMUNITY ORGANIZING

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43
Q

the fundamental aspect of community organization is the principle of “______” which promotes the people to unite to address a common issue that includes forest management

A

cooperation

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44
Q

organizing is about ______

A

empowering

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45
Q

Principles of Community Organizing

A

 Social justice
 Active participation of local community
 Cooperation of local communities

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46
Q

Importance of Community Organizing

A

 Encourage active participation of the
people
 Cooperation between forestry extensionist and local community
personnel

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47
Q

Participants of CO

A

 Local communities
 LGUs’ and NGOs
 DENR

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48
Q

the upland people

A

 Local communities

49
Q

They help in organizing and assisting the local people in the local community and responsible in linkaging, facilitating and organizing activities

A

LGUs’ and NGOs

50
Q

issuance of department orders and regulations as a guideline of the LGUs for the implementation of projects

A

DENR

51
Q

WHO IS A COMMUNITY ORGANIZER?

A

an individual who mobilizes the community to support a cause, develops programs or initiates any other positive social impact

52
Q

Roles of Community Organizer

A

INNOVATOR
GUIDE
COMMUNICATOR
ENABLER
EXPERT
COUNSELOR
ANIMATOR
COLLABORATOR
CONSULTANT
MODEL
MOTIVATOR
CATALYST
ADVOCATE
FACILITATOR
MEDIATOR

53
Q

STAGES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING

A

a. Entry into the community
b. Community immersion
c. Core group formation
d. Formation of the Community Based Organization (CBO)
e. Community capacity building
f. Participatory community research
g. Community planning for problem solving
h. Community resource mobilization
i. Project implementation
j. Exit from the community

54
Q

process where the Community Organizer (CO) officially enters the community

A

Community entry

55
Q

process of staying and living together with the people in the community and experience their way of life

A

COMMUNITY IMMERSION

56
Q

made up of 5 – 7 individuals from the community

A

Core group

57
Q

5 – 7 individuals from the community selected and recruited by the CO to help facilitate the formation of the Community Based Organization (CBO)

A

CORE GROUP FORMATION

58
Q

an association of people living in the
same geographic location

A

Community Based Organization (CBO)

59
Q

a process of developing and strengthening knowledge, skills and experience of the
CBO leaders and members

A

COMMUNITY CAPACITY BUILDING

60
Q

a process of identifying, analyzing
and prioritizing community problems and their possible solutions

A

PARTICIPATORY COMMUNITY RESEARCH

61
Q

process of developing a community action plan based on priorities, objectives and
resources towards community problem
solving

A

COMMUNITY PLANNING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING

62
Q

a process of utilizing people and their resources towards accomplishing desired changes in the community

A

COMMUNITY RESOURCE MOBILIZATION

63
Q

a process of carrying out projects and
activities towards achieving the desired
change

A

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

64
Q

assessment of the project implementation process and activities and to check, whether the results are achieving the objectives of the desired change

A

Project monitoring

65
Q

process of assessing the impact of the projects and activities of the community

A

Project evaluation

66
Q

process whereby the Community Organizer (CO) gradually leaves the community as the CBO moves towards independence and selfreliance

A

Community exit

67
Q

task of the organizer is to find the common community problems, make the community aware of the problems and then sit with them to find the solution best suited for the concerned community

A

MEDIATOR

68
Q

the organizer provides support, motivation and ideas to the community so that people may march more easily and skillfully towards solving problems

A

FACILITATOR

69
Q

the organizer as an advocate argues, debates, bargains, negotiates and confronts the forces working against the interest of the community

A

ADVOCATE

70
Q

something which forces an increase in the rate of changes

A

CATALYST

71
Q

CO first enables the people to bring the change then motivates them to sustain the process

A

CATALYST

72
Q

CO encourages the community to take up minor task and complete it successfully. This in turn enables the people to take up more difficult tasks in future

A

MOTIVATOR

73
Q

CO is often looked upon as a role model and a source of inspiration by people

A

MODEL

74
Q

a person who provides expert guidance on solving a problem or implementing a solution

A

CONSULTANT

75
Q

providing expert knowledge and information to achieve planned goals and
objectives

A

CONSULTANT

76
Q

CO is expected to have a good network
and must have knowledge of other
organizations working in the same community and for the same cause

A

COLLABORATOR

77
Q

CO helps the people to come forward and participate in all phases of the process, from planning to evaluation

A

ANIMATOR

78
Q

CO must know the history and composition of the community, what they like, what irritates them and how they have reacted in the past to certain circumstances

A

COUNSELOR

79
Q

CO helps the community to understand its own structure, dynamics, potentialities and constraints

A

EXPERT

80
Q

enabling the community to engage in establishing goals, objectives and setting priorities

A

ENABLER

81
Q

CO transfers relevant information and knowledge to the community

A

COMMUNICATOR

82
Q

guiding the community groups in the process through difficulties encountered

A

GUIDE

83
Q

organizers needs to alter the already tested plans and process to cater local aspirations

A

INNOVATOR

84
Q

a process for predicting and managing the potential environmental impacts of development projects or land use activities

A

IMPACT ANALYSIS

85
Q

a process of research, planning and the management of social change or consequences arising from policies, plans, developments and projects

A

SOCIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS

86
Q

What are the amin patterns of SIA?

A
  1. Scoping and Planning
  2. Baseline Assessment
  3. Impact Identification
  4. Impact Assessment
  5. Mitigation and Enhancement Measure
  6. Reporting and Communication
  7. Reporting and Communication
  8. Feedback and Learning
87
Q

It involves defining the scope of the analysis, identifying key stakeholders and establishing the objectives and methods of the assessment.

A

Scoping and Planning

88
Q

It is conducting a comprehensive analysis of the existing social conditions and dynamics in the project area before intervention takes place.

A

Baseline Assessment

89
Q

It is determining the direst and indirect impacts of the intervention on various stakeholders.

A

Impact Identification

90
Q

The quantifying and qualifying the identified impacts using methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups and secondary data analysis.

A

Impact Assessment

91
Q

The developing of strategies to mitigate adverse impacts and enhance positive outcomes

A

Mitigation and enhancement measure

92
Q

Establishing monitoring mechanisms to track the implementation of mitigation measures and asses the actual social impacts of the intervention overtime.

A

Mitigation and enhancement measure

93
Q

Communicating the findings of the SIA to stakeholders, decision makers and the broader community in a clear and accessible manner.

A

Reporting and Communication

94
Q

Encouraging ongoing dialogues and feedback from stakeholders to continually refine and improve the SIA process.

A

Feedback and Learning

95
Q

The assessment and learning approach that places emphasis on empowering local people to assume active role in analyzing their own living conditions, problems, and potentials in order to seek for a change of their situation.

A

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

96
Q

A research methodology developed in the 1970’s and 1980’s as a response to the need for quick, cost-effective and participatory approaches to understanding rural communities

A

Rapid Rural Appraisal

97
Q

What are the similarities of PRA and RRA?

A

Both are systems of collecting and analyzing info. about rural life.
Consist of an approach and a set of techniques.
Similar Techniques

98
Q

What is the difference of RPA and PRA?

A

The approaches

99
Q

It helps the outsider to have a better, more sympathetic understanding of rural life, thus improving his/her decisions.

A

RRA

100
Q

Empowers local community to analyze its situation and improve its decisions.

A

PRA

101
Q

Principles and features of PRA/RRA

A

 Respecting people’s knowledge and
learning from them
 Optimal ignorance
 Flexibility
 Visualization
 Triangulation
 It involves a team of people working with a
community for several days
 Analysis is done on field
 Continuity

102
Q

Techniques and Methods of PRA/RRA

A
  1. Maps and Models
  2. Community Sketch Maps
  3. Transect Walk
  4. Mobility Diagram
  5. Venn Diagram
  6. Ranking and Scoring
  7. Semi-structured Interview
  8. Participatory Problem Analysis
103
Q

________ and _______ is where spatial data is analyzed through diagrams, maps and models.

A

Maps and Models

104
Q

The techniques are pictorial or symbolic representation of information.

A

Maps and Models

105
Q

A visual representation of what the community perceives as their community space.

A

Community sketch maps

106
Q

Types of community maps

A

Social Maps
Physical and resource maps
Topical Maps

107
Q

Specific types of map representing households according to certain indicators

A

Social Maps

108
Q

It is drawn by the people show natural resource of an area, location and use of natural resources.

A

Physical and resource Maps

109
Q

Specific topic maps that is drawn to draw attention to a particular type of information of the area

A

Topical Maps

110
Q

a walk or a series of walks through an area with local informants to learn of the range of different condition, problems and opportunities in each of the area

A

Transect walk

111
Q

used to understand the places traveled, resources collected and to identify the persons traveling

A

Mobility Diagram

112
Q

A type of diagram that uses overlapping circles to represent the logical relation between specific things

A

Venn Diagram

113
Q

a way in which various kinds of things can be compared according to different qualities people value

A

Ranking and Scoring

114
Q

It helps to quickly get a good idea of what people think are the priority problem or preferences

A

Preference Ranking Method

115
Q

Types of Ranking and Scoring

A

Preference Ranking Method
Direct matrix ranking

116
Q

It used to list items to be compared along horizontal line and criteria on the vertical line to rank choices from most important to least important

A

Direct Matrix Ranking

117
Q

It a guided interview where the major topics and a few key questions are formulated before the interview

A

Semi-structured interview

118
Q

a method that enables stakeholders to examine their own problems

A

Participatory Problem Analysis

Forestry Extension Methods (3 decks)

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