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1
Q

refer to the various approaches and techniques used to disseminate knowledge, skills, and practices related to forestry to the local community.

A

Forestry Extension Methods

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2
Q

Goals/aims of forestry extension methods

A

-promote sustainable forest management,
-increase awareness about the importance of forests, and
-encourage the adoption of appropriate forestry practices.

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3
Q

Common Forestry Extension Methods

A

-Agroforestry
-Taungya
-Community Woodlots
-Natural Vegetation
-Erosion Control
-Amenity Planting
-Forest-based Enterprises

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4
Q

Promoting the integration of trees with agricultural crops or livestock to enhance productivity and environmental sustainability

A

AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS

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5
Q

A system where farmers grow crops in the early stages of forest plantation establishment, providing them with additional income while the trees grow.

A

TAUNGYA

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6
Q

Establishing communal forests where local communities can collectively manage and benefit from the resources.

A

COMMUNITY WOODLOTS

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7
Q

Educating communities on the importance of conserving and managing natural forests and other vegetation for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services.

A

MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL VEGETATION

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8
Q

Providing guidance on practices such as reforestation, contour plowing, and watershed management to prevent soil erosion and improve water quality and availability.

A

EROSION CONTROL OR IMPROVEMENT
OF WATER SUPPLIES

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9
Q

Encouraging the planting of trees and green spaces in urban areas for aesthetic and recreational purposes.

A

AMENITY PLANTING

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10
Q

Promoting the development of small businesses based on forest resources, such as eco-tourism, non-timber forest products, and sustainable harvesting of timber.

A

SMALL SCALE FOREST-BASED ENTERPRISES

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11
Q

How are FEM implemented?

A

through a process of integrating indigenous and derived knowledge, attitudes, and skills, taking into account local conditions and resources.
They involve active participation and collaboration between extension organizations, local communities, and other stakeholders.

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12
Q

Purpose of Forestry Extension?

A

Problem Examination
Quality of Life Enhancement
Community Engagement
Empowerment and Critical Thinking
Experience and Judgment
Activity Improvement
. Overall Well-being

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13
Q

A purpose of FEX that Provide a platform through forestry extension for people to gain experience and judgment

A

Experience and Judgment

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14
Q

A purpose of FEX that Enable individuals to improve various activities related to forestry

A

Activity Improvement

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15
Q

A purpose of FEX that Enhance the overall well-being of individuals and communities through forestry extension efforts

A

Overall Well-being

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16
Q

A purpose of FEX that Assist individuals in developing a critical view of their situation and enable them to take necessary steps to address identified issues

A

Empowerment and Critical Thinking

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17
Q

A purpose of FEX that Facilitate discussions, decision-making, and action within local communities and address the needs and objectives of local communities

A

Community Engagement

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18
Q

A purpose of FEX that meets specific needs for forest products and aim to enhance the overall quality of people’s lives

A

Quality of Life Enhancement

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19
Q

A purpose of FEX that Assist individuals in examining problems affecting their lives and evaluate if forestry techniques can solve or alleviate these problems

A

Problem Examination

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20
Q

Function of Forestry Extension

A

Facilitation of Local Initiatives
Empowerment Focus
Needs Assessment and Action Planning
Discussion Facilitation
Choice and Decision Support
Critical Thinking Development
Lifelong Improvement Through Forestry

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21
Q

A function of FEM wherein The ultimate goal is to assist people in taking necessary steps to improve their lives through forestry activities and Fosters sustainable improvement and development within communities.

A

Lifelong Improvement Through Forestry

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22
Q

Benefits of Forestry Extension

A

Meeting Local Needs
Skill Development
Improved Livelihood
Health & Well-being
Increased Agricultural Output
Environmental Benefits

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23
Q

A benefit of FE that address the needs that people have identified for themselves, allowing them to devote their time and resources to satisfying those needs.

A

MEETING LOCAL NEEDS

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24
Q

A benefit of FE that through participation in extension programs, people learn to cooperate, plan ahead, and take action to achieve their objectives.

A

SKILL DEVELOPMENT

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25
A benefit of FE that provide tangible benefits such as fuelwood for cooking, poles or timber for house building, fodder for animals, fruit for consumption or sale, shade or shelter for people and animals, employment opportunities from handicraft production, and cash from the sale of surplus produce.
IMPROVED LIVELIHOODS
26
A benefit of FE that promote the establishment of fodder or shade trees for livestock can contribute to higher values of animal products.
HEALTH & WELL-BEING
27
A benefit of FE that by understanding the interrelation between forestry and agriculture, extension programs can lead to a more favorable overall view of forestry activities. This, in turn, can result in higher agricultural output as people recognize the benefits of integrating forestry practices into their farming systems.
INCREASED AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT
28
A benefit of FE that can contribute to erosion control, improvement of water supplies, and the management of natural vegetation. These practices help to protect and enhance the environment, leading to long-term sustainability.
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
29
IMPORTANCE OF TOP-DOWN APPROACH
Efficiency and Speed Uniform Standards Resource Allocation Coordination of Large-Scale Programs Consistency in Messaging Expertise Utilization Policy Implementation
30
form the basis of a whole range of teaching and extension aids. They are generally simple and often relatively inexpensive and can be used to re-in force or clarify a speaker's message.
Non-projected aids
31
facilitate a clearer understanding of messages by allowing individuals not just to hear words but also to visually perceive object characteristics or landscape features, creating a more vivid mental image.
AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
32
Examples of non-projected
Aids Real objects Samples or specimens Models Photographs Blackboard or chalkboard Flannelgraph Flip-charts Flash cards Lettering and drawing
33
The most common feature of this system is that a bright light is shone through a transparent picture and, by means of a lens, an enlarged picture is projected on to a screen.
Projected visual aids
34
Classification of projected visual aids
Opaque projection Transparent still projection Cine projection
35
Examples of projected visual aids
Colour slides Filmstrips Overhead projector Cinema films Tape recorders Video recorders Puppets Music and plays
36
all-weather cross-country vehicles which can generate their O\m power to operate a wide range of audio-visual equipment carried on the vehicle. They are used to support extension activities such as meetings and demonstrations or as a mass contact method particularly during an extension campaign.
Mobile units (audio-visual vans)
37
a general term for various items used to convey information which are discussed in detail in Section 9 in relation to their functions in mass education.
Display visuals
38
Types of Display visuals
Posters: Wallcharts Magnetic Boards
39
Types of extension literature
Leaflets Handouts Bulletins Newsletters
40
theories associated with training:
a. Adult Learning Theory (Andragogy): b) Behaviorism c) Constructivism: d) Cognitive Load Theory:
41
Adults learn best when the training is relevant to their lives, self-directed, and experiential.
a) Adult Learning Theory (Andragogy
42
Focuses on observable behaviors and reinforcement as a way to shape and control learning.
b) Behaviorism
43
Emphasizes the importance of learners actively constructing their own understanding through interaction with the learning environment
c) Constructivism:
44
Focuses on the amount of mental effort required for learning tasks and suggests that learning is more effective when the cognitive load is optimized.
d) Cognitive Load Theory:
45
Benefits of top-down approach
A. Efficiency and Speed: B. Uniform Standards: C. Resource Allocation: D. Policy Implementation E. Coordination of Large-Scale Programs: F. Expertise Utilization
46
This approach is based on targeting the early stages of the diffusion of innovations model, focusing on innovators and early adopters.
THE INNOVATORS or THE EARLY ADOPTER APPROACH
47
the process by which information and improved practices are spread from their original sources, initially to a few adopters, and in time to a community
DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION
48
CATEGORIES OF ADOPTERS
Pioneers 15% Early majority 35% Late majority 35% Laggards 15%
49
This approach emphasizes nonviolence cooperation, self-reliance, and social justice as the drivers of development.
THE GANDHIAN APPROACH
50
Key aspects of Gandhian Approach
Satyagraha Swadeshi Sarvodaya
51
Key aspect: The use of non-violent protests and civil disobedience to achieve social and political change.
Satyagraha
52
Key aspect: Promoting self-reliance and local production to reduce dependence on external forces.
Swadeshi
53
Key Aspect: Striving for the upliftment of all, particularly the most vulnerable and marginalized communities.
Sarvodaya
54
Critism in Gandhian approach
Time-intensive process Reliance on strong leadership Addressing urgent needs
55
This approach involves external factors, such as governments, NGOs, or religious organizations, bringing their development model and expertise to other communities.
THE MISSIONARY APPROACH
56
The idea is to "civilize" or uplift less developed communities through education, healthcare, and infrastructure projects
THE MISSIONARY APPROACH
57
Key aspects of the missionary approach
Rapid knowledge transfer Addressing critical needs Scaling up and reaching wider audiences
58
Criticism in missionary approach
Cultural imperialism Dependency Sustainability
59
This approach, named after the Comilla Rural Development Academy in Bangladesh, emphasizes participatory development
THE COMILLA APPROACH
60
Local communities actively engage in planning, implementing, and managing development projects.
THE COMILLA APPROACH
61
Key features of the comilla approach
Cooperatives Capacity Building: Local leadership
62
Criticism of the comilla approach
Local leadership Power dynamics External support
63
An organized program of information, education and service to promote forest resources conservation.
FORESTRY EXTENSION
64
The enactment into law of forestry extension better known as RA 3523 happened in ______?
June 30, 1963
65
A system where farmers grow crops in the early stages of forest plantation establishment, providing them with additional income while the trees grow.
TAUNGYA
66
A professional communication intervention deployed by an institution to induce change in voluntary behaviors with a presumed public or collective utility.
EXTENSION
67
Forestry extension is a system of ______ education designed to develop among forestry favorable attitudes toward and desired capabilities for forest conservation.
NON-FORMAL
68
It is generally regarded as a method for delineating goals and ways of achieving them.
PLANNING
69
It is considered as a blueprint or pre-determined approach.
TOP-DOWN APPROACH
70
a dynamic and purposeful activity that involves the intentional transfer of knowledge, skills and understanding from a teacher to a learner.
TEACHING
71
An ongoing learning process to ensure continuous improvement of training and the needs of learners.
TRAINING CYCLE
72
A method of implementing forestry extension services or programs that starts at the higher organizational or administrative level and flows down to the grassroots of individual farmers.
TOP - DOWN APPROACH
73
an organized and coherent combination of strategies and methods, designed to make rural extension effective in a certain area.
EXTENSION APPROACH
74
This approach assumes that technology and knowledge that are appropriate for local people exist but are not used by them.
GENERAL AGRICULTURE EXTENSION APPROACH
75
The ______ of General Agriculture Extension Approach is to help farmers increase production and income through adoption of technology.
PURPOSE
76
This approach tends to focus on one crop only.
COMMODITY SPECIALIZED APPROACH
77
It promotes the recognition of forestry role in maintaining the environment an improving living standards.
QUALITY OF LIFE ENHANCEMENT
78
This enables individual to improve various activities related to forestry.
ACTIVITY IMPROVEMENT
79
This focuses on observable and reinforcement as a new way to serve and control learning.
BEHAVIORISM
80
They are considered as the most important variable in rural development program.
PEOPLE
81
This approach emphasizes the role of academic institution in promoting forestry extension through research, training and outreach activities.
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION APPROACH
82
A general term for various items used to convey information.
DISPLAY VISUALS
83
This promotes self reliance and local production to reduce dependence.
SWADESHI
84
It involves the distribution of financial responsibilities among stakeholders to support forestry extension activities/programs.
COST-SHARING APPROACH
85
It involves specific forestry project to achieve defined objective such as reforestation, watershed management or community based forest management.
PROJECT APPROACH
86
The Comilla Approach was named after the __________ in Bangladesh.
Comilla Rural Development Academy
87
The idea of the Missionary Approach is to civilize or uplift _____ _________ communities through education, healthcare and infrastructure projects.
less developed
88
In the Comilla Approach, local communities are_______ in planning, implementing and managing development projects
engage
89
This approach is based on targeting the early stages of the diffusion of innovations model, focusing on innovators and early adopters.
INNOVATORS OR THE EARLY ADOPTER APPROACH
90

Forestry Extension Methods (3 decks)

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