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Pharmacology > Pituitary pharmacology > Flashcards

Pituitary pharmacology Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

What is the primary role of the anterior pituitary hormones?

A

Growth development reproduction stress response and intermediary metabolism

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2
Q

Name the family of hormones that includes growth hormone.

A

Somatotropic family

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3
Q

Which hormone belongs to the glycoprotein family and regulates thyroid function?

A

Thyrotropin (TSH)

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4
Q

What hormone is responsible for the secretion of adrenal cortical hormones?

A

Corticotropin (ACTH)

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5
Q

Which hormone promotes the development of mammary tissue and milk production postpartum?

A

Prolactin

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6
Q

What hormone regulates growth partly through somatomedins from the liver?

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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7
Q

What is the function of α-MSH?

A

Promotes melanin formation anti-inflammatory regulates feeding

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8
Q

What negatively regulates pituitary secretion of growth hormone and thyrotropin?

A

Somatostatin (SST)

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9
Q

What hormone plays a role in labor and milk let-down?

A

Oxytocin

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10
Q

What physiological effect is caused by growth hormone in bones?

A

Stimulation of longitudinal growth

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11
Q

What hormone increases bone mineral density after longitudinal growth ceases?

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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12
Q

How does growth hormone affect glucose and free fatty acids?

A

Raises concentration

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13
Q

What receptor is closely related to the insulin receptor and involved in anabolic actions of GH?

A

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor

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14
Q

What hormone is the most abundant anterior pituitary hormone?

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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15
Q

When is the amplitude of GH secretory pulses maximal?

A

At night shortly after onset of deep sleep

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16
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of GH by binding to the GH secretagogue receptor?

A

Ghrelin

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17
Q

What is the effect of leptin on appetite?

A

Inhibits appetite

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18
Q

Which hormone increases lipolysis to make fat available to the mother during pregnancy?

A

Human placental lactogen

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19
Q

What is the precursor form of somatostatin?

A

92-aminoacid precursor

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20
Q

Which receptors bind somatostatin with approximately equal affinity?

A

SSTR1-4

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21
Q

Which somatostatin receptor subtype has greater selectivity for somatostatin-28?

A

SSTR5

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22
Q

What drug is a somatostatin analog used to treat acromegaly?

A

Octreotide

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23
Q

What is the physiological effect of pasireotide compared to octreotide?

A

Higher rates of hyperglycemia

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24
Q

What are the clinical indications for growth hormone therapy in children?

A

Short stature

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25
What is the primary adverse effect of GH therapy in adults?
Peripheral edema
26
What syndrome is characterized by increased longitudinal growth resulting in gigantism?
GH excess
27
What drug is a recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 used for primary IGF-1 deficiency?
Mecasermin
28
What is the mechanism of action of pegvisomant in treating acromegaly?
GH antagonist blocks GH receptor
29
What hormone is secreted by lactotroph cells and increases during pregnancy?
Prolactin
30
What hormone's levels rise at parturition to initiate lactation?
Prolactin
31
What hormone inhibits prolactin secretion via the D2 receptor on lactotropes?
Dopamine
32
Which neuropeptide can stimulate prolactin release from the pituitary?
Oxytocin
33
What effect does severe primary hypothyroidism have on prolactin levels?
Persistently elevated TRH induces hyperprolactinemia
34
What drugs can decrease plasma prolactin levels by increasing central dopaminergic tone?
Dopamine re-uptake inhibitors (TCA
35
What is the major role of hypothalamic peptides in pituitary hormone regulation?
Regulate secretion of anterior pituitary hormones
36
What hormone is synthesized by the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and affects water homeostasis?
Arginine vasopressin
37
What are the two predominant forms of somatostatin?
SST-14 and SST-28
38
What hormone's secretion is negatively regulated by somatostatin and dopamine?
Prolactin
39
What is the role of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)?
Stimulates GH secretion
40
What effect does somatostatin have on the secretion of thyrotropin (TSH)?
Inhibits secretion
41
What hormone integrates gastrointestinal and hypothalamic-pituitary functions and stimulates appetite?
Ghrelin
42
Which somatostatin receptor subtype is the most important for GH regulation?
SSTR2
43
What is the primary action of dopamine on lactotropes in the pituitary?
Inhibits prolactin secretion
44
What hormone promotes cell reproduction and regeneration as a type of mitogen?
Growth hormone (GH)
45
What is the relationship between growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)?
GH induces IGF-1 production in the liver
46
What is the effect of prolactin on mammary tissue postpartum?
Promotes development and milk production
47
What is the function of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?
Stimulates secretion of adrenal cortical hormones
48
What is the effect of growth hormone on glucose utilization?
Decreases glucose utilization
49
What hormone's secretion pattern varies throughout life
being highest in children and peaking at puberty?
50
What is the role of the growth hormone receptor in GH signal transduction?
Binds GH to activate cytosolic components
51
What is the primary use of Hyoscine in labor?
Augmenting labor
52
What adverse events are associated with Hyoscine in mothers?
Fast heart rates and mouth dryness
53
What combination of drugs is effective in reducing the duration of abortion induction?
Hyoscine (20 mg iv) plus vaginal Misoprostol
54
What is the mechanism of action of Tranexamic Acid?
Inhibitor of fibrinolysis
55
What is Tranexamic Acid used for in maternal health?
Reducing maternal mortality from postpartum hemorrhage
56
What class of drug is Tramadol hydrochloride?
Centrally acting opioid analgesic
57
What additional mechanism of action does Tramadol have?
Inhibits noradrenergic uptake and stimulates serotonin release
58
What is the use of Tramadol hydrochloride in labor?
Causes cervical dilatation
59
What is the primary purpose of Tocolytic drugs?
To arrest premature labor
60
How long can Tocolytic drugs delay delivery?
48 hours
61
What is the benefit of delaying delivery with Tocolytic drugs?
To administer glucocorticoids for fetal lung maturation
62
What is an example of an Oxytocin-Receptor Antagonist?
Atosiban
63
What class of drugs does Ritodrine belong to?
B2 selective stimulants
64
What is the use of Magnesium sulphate in obstetrics?
Hypertension cerebral palsy and tocolytic actions
65
Which calcium channel blocker is used as a Tocolytic drug?
Nifedipine
66
What COX inhibitor is used to delay labor?
Indomethacin
67
What action does Oxytocin increase to cause labor?
Increases phospholipase A2 activity
68
What is the use of nitric oxide donors like glyceryl trinitrate in labor?
Tocolytic actions
69
What hormone is synthesized as pre-pro AVP by the hypothalamus?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
70
What condition results from failure of ADH secretion or reduced sensitivity of the kidney to ADH?
Diabetes insipidus
71
What is the most sensitive stimulus for AVP release?
Hypovolemia/Osmotic pressure
72
What receptors are located in vascular smooth muscle to cause vasoconstriction?
V1A receptors
73
What hormone is used to facilitate labor at term?
Oxytocin
74
What are the adverse effects of Oxytocin on the fetus?
Distress and death
75
What is a contraindication for Oxytocin use?
Prematurity
76
What synthetic oxytocin analogue is used for prevention of uterine atony after cesarean section?
Carbetocin
77
What class of drugs do Ergot alkaloids belong to?
Oxytocic/Uterine contractants
78
What prostaglandin is given intravaginally as a gel or tablet to induce labor?
Dinoprostone (synthetic PGE2)
79
What is the mechanism of action of Ergot alkaloids?
Activation of α-adrenergic receptors
80
What combination of drugs is used to control postpartum hemorrhage?
Syntometrine (ergometrine + oxytocin)
81
What is the primary side effect of Ergot alkaloids?
Hypertension
82
What is the use of Desmopressin in clinical practice?
Treatment of Diabetes insipidus
83
What drug increases ADH levels?
NSAIDs and carbamazepine
84
What drug counteracts the action of ADH?
Lithium
85
What is the primary use of Oxytocin in postpartum care?
Postpartum uterine hemorrhage control
86
What drug is often used in conjunction with Oxytocin for postpartum hemorrhage?
Ergometrine
87
What hormone is essential for milk production postpartum?
Prolactin
88
What drug is given as a puff in each nostril to aid milk ejection?
Oxytocin
89
What are the side effects of oxytocin in mothers?
Fluid retention
90
What is the preferred route of administration for oxytocin to avoid hypotension?
Infusion at a controlled rate
91
What hormone promotes the formation of melanin?
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
92
What synthetic prostaglandin is used as an abortifacient?
Misoprostol (synthetic PGE1)
93
What synthetic prostaglandin is given to induce labor?
Carboprost (PGF2α Analog)
94
What drug is used to treat severe postpartum hemorrhage by reducing fibrinolysis?
Tranexamic Acid
95
What is the adverse effect of giving large doses of oxytocin?
Sustained contractions
96
What condition does hyponatremia result from in oxytocin administration?
Water intoxication
97
What is the effect of oxytocin on immature uterus?
Immature uterus is resistant to oxytocin
98
What is the action of oxytocin on mammary glands?
Stimulate myoepithelial cells to produce milk
99
What is the use of glucocorticoids administered during delayed delivery?
Maturation of the fetal lung
100
What is the mechanism of action of atosiban?
Competitively inhibits the interaction of oxytocin with its membrane receptor

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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