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Sex hormones Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Which hormone primarily controls the onset of gametogenic function in the testes?

A

FSH

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2
Q

Where is testosterone primarily produced in males?

A

Leydig cells

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3
Q

Which of the following is a function of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in males?

A

Stimulates Sertoli cells

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4
Q

What is the interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) in males?

A

LH

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5
Q

Approximately what percentage of testosterone is produced by the Leydig cells in males?

A

0.95

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6
Q

What percentage of circulating testosterone is bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)?

A

0.65

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7
Q

What enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?

A

5α-reductase

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8
Q

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of pubic and axillary hair during puberty?

A

DHT

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9
Q

What is a clinical use of androgens in males?

A

Treatment of hypogonadism

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10
Q

What is a major adverse effect of androgen therapy in males?

A

Testicular atrophy

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11
Q

Which hormone is primarily involved in the maintenance of libido and secondary sexual characteristics in males?

A

Testosterone

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12
Q

Which androgen is responsible for male pattern baldness?

A

DHT

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13
Q

What is a contraindication for androgen therapy in males?

A

Prostate cancer

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14
Q

What effect does exogenous testosterone have on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis?

A

Suppression

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15
Q

What can increase the levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in plasma?

A

Estrogens

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16
Q

Which androgen is used to treat inoperable metastatic breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women?

A

Anabolic steroids

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17
Q

What is a common adverse effect in females undergoing androgen therapy?

A

Virilization

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18
Q

Which hormone stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone?

A

LH

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19
Q

What enzyme is involved in the conversion of testosterone to estradiol?

A

Aromatase

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20
Q

What is the primary action of anabolic steroids?

A

Stimulate cellular growth and repair

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21
Q

What is a common use of androgen inhibitors in males?

A

Treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

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22
Q

Which androgen is primarily responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty?

A

Testosterone

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23
Q

Which hormone is crucial for the production of proteins and nutrients required for sperm maturation?

A

FSH

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24
Q

Which androgen inhibitor is used to treat hirsutism in women?

A

Spironolactone

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25
What is the primary adverse effect of androgen inhibitors in males?
Gynecomastia
26
Which androgen is converted to DHT by 5α-reductase in target tissues?
Testosterone
27
Which hormone is primarily involved in the synthesis of androgens from cholesterol in Leydig cells?
LH
28
What is an adverse effect associated with the use of exogenous testosterone in males?
Prostate enlargement
29
What enzyme converts testosterone to estradiol in some tissues?
Aromatase
30
Which androgen is responsible for the maintenance of libido in males?
Testosterone
31
Which hormone is responsible for the proliferation of the uterus?
Estradiol
32
What is a common therapeutic use of estrogens in women?
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
33
What is an adverse effect of estrogen therapy?
Hypertension
34
Clomiphene citrate is used primarily for?
Inducing ovulation
35
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are useful for?
Preventing osteoporosis
36
Which is a selective estrogen receptor downregulator?
Fulvestrant
37
An example of an aromatase inhibitor is?
Letrozole
38
What is an adverse drug reaction of aromatase inhibitors?
Bone loss
39
Progesterone is responsible for?
Supporting pregnancy after implantation
40
A major use of anti-progestins has been for?
Medical abortion
41
Which is a synthetic estrogen?
Ethinyl estradiol
42
What adverse effect is associated with estrogen use in men?
Gynecomastia
43
Estrogens are primarily produced by which organ in postmenopausal women?
Adipose tissue
44
Which hormone acts on the theca cells to stimulate androgen synthesis?
LH
45
Which is a condition where estrogen is used for palliative treatment?
Prostate cancer
46
What is the main adverse effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators like Tamoxifen?
Endometrial proliferation
47
The action of aromatase inhibitors involves?
Inhibiting aromatization of androgens
48
Which is a physiological effect of progesterone?
Raises body temperature
49
Which drug is an anti-progestin used for medical abortion?
Mifepristone
50
Which hormone has a role in the preparation of the reproductive tract for implantation?
Progesterone
51
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females?
Estradiol
52
What is a common adverse effect of using estrogen in hormone replacement therapy?
Endometrial carcinoma
53
Clomiphene citrate works by?
Blocking estrogen feedback inhibition
54
What is a primary adverse effect of anti-progestins like Mifepristone?
Nausea
55
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have?
Both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects
56
Fulvestrant is used to treat?
Breast cancer resistant to Tamoxifen
57
What is a therapeutic use of progesterone?
Both hormone replacement therapy and contraception
58
What is an example of a synthetic progesterone?
Norgestrel
59
Which hormone plays a crucial role in breast tissue proliferation?
Estradiol
60
Which condition is a contraindication for estrogen therapy?
History of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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