Plant Diversity

Question 1

Most ancestral group of plants

Answer 1

Bryophytes

Question 2

most live in damp (forest floor) and/or inhospitable (tundra) environments– rely on water for reproduction, but tolerant to drying out

Answer 2

Bryophytes habitat

Question 3

Bryophytes lack _________ in their cell walls

Answer 3

Lignin

Question 4

there are more than _________ species of bryophytes

Answer 4

25,000

Question 5

Liverworts most likely appeared ________ years ago

Answer 5

450 million

Question 6

Liverworts are most closely related to the

Answer 6

plant ancestor that moved to land

Question 7

Hornworts emerge from the _________

Answer 7

gametophyte

Question 8

Thalus, stem, photosynthetic leaf-like structures, rhizoid

Answer 8

vegetative organs are part of haploid gametophyte

vophg

Question 9

flagellated swimming male gametes, embryo attached to parent for protection and nourishment, sporophyte is very small, produces haploid spores by meiosis

Answer 9

reproductive diploid sporohyte (rds)

Question 10

what makes up many of the non-vascular plants?

Answer 10

bryophytes proper (the mosses)

Question 11

leaf-like green, flat structures
- simple midrib
- no stomata (but sporophyte does)
- no vascular tissue, but a primitive
- attached in a spiral to a central stalk
-absorb water & nutrients

Answer 11

Structure of bryophytes proper

Question 12

stalk has a ____________ system that carries water and nutrients

Answer 12

primitive conductive

Question 13

anchor to soil, rock, bark, etc

Answer 13

rhizoids

Question 14

sporophyte is _______

Answer 14

dominant

Question 15

moves water, minerals, and soluble signaling molecules

Answer 15

Xylem

Question 16

Transports sugars, proteins, and solutes

Answer 16

Phloem with sieve elements

Question 17

Transfers water and minerals from the soil to the rest of the plant, stabilizes and anchor

Answer 17

Root system

Question 18

improved photosynthetic efficiency, increased surface area (greater sunlight energy capture)

Answer 18

True leaves

Question 19

leaves modified for sporangia: fronds, strobili (cones) and flowers

Answer 19

Sporophyllis

Question 20

Trees & swamp forests of the Carboniferous period.

Answer 20

Lycophyes: earliest seedless vascular plants

L: escvp

Question 21

quilworts, spike mosses, club mosses

Answer 21

Small evergreen plants (lycophyes)
(sep)

Question 22

a stem (which may be branched) and a microphylls

Answer 22

what lychophytes consist of

Question 23

Trees & swamp forests of the Carboniferous period

Answer 23

Equisetum - The horesetails
E-th

Question 24

Horsetails are usually found ________

Answer 24

in damp environments and marshes

Question 25

stems with nodes, needle shaped leaves

Answer 25

structure of horsetails

Question 26

leaves & branches as whorls from the evenly spaced rings

Answer 26

Nodes

Question 27

underground stems that anchor the plants to the ground

Answer 27

Rhizomes

Question 28

lack both roots, leaves & vascular tissue photosynthesis occurs in the green stem

Answer 28

psilophytes - the whisk ferns

Question 29

small yellow knobs form at the tip of the branch stem

Answer 29

Sporangia

Question 30

__________ have undergone evolutionary reduction

Answer 30

psilophytes

Question 31

a process by which natural selection reduces the size of a structure that is no longer favorable in a particular environment

Answer 31

evolutionary reduction

Question 32

dominant stage of the life cycle of a fern is the

Answer 32

sporophyte

Question 33

live in damp, shaded environments

Answer 33

true ferns

Question 34

large compound leaves (divided or lobed)

Answer 34

fronds

Question 35

fronds carry ________ on their undersides

Answer 35

reproductive organs

Question 36

groups of sporangia

Answer 36

sori

Question 37

__________ release spores into the air

Answer 37

sporangia

Question 38

spores germinate into ________ (the gametophyte)

Answer 38

prothallus

Question 39

earliest distinct seed plans

Answer 39

fossils

Question 40

_________ develop into female gametophytes that produce eggs

Answer 40

megaspores

Question 41

the seed protects the ______

Answer 41

embryo

Question 42

_______ mature into male gametophytes that generate sperm

Answer 42

mircrospores

Question 43

______ is encase in a protective coat

Answer 43

pollen

Question 44

what prevents desiccation and mechanical damage?

Answer 44

pollen

Question 45

Arose in the carboniferous period (359-299 mya)

Answer 45

Gymnosperms

Question 46

________ pollinate by wind

Answer 46

gymnosperms

Question 47

________ have naked seeds that are not enclosed in ovary

Answer 47

gymnosperms

Question 48

________ have adapted to live with seasonally scarce fresh water

Answer 48

gymnosperms

Question 49

_________ continue low levels of photosynthesis during winter

Answer 49

evergreen conifers

Question 50

were prevalent in the mesozoic era (251-65.5 mya)

Answer 50

cycads

Question 51

less than 100 species remain

Answer 51

cycads

Question 52

live in mild climates

Answer 52

cycads

Question 53

large, compound leaves and large cones

Answer 53

cycads

Question 54

only one surviving species

Answer 54

Ginko

Question 55

fan shaped leaves with dichotomous venation pattern

Answer 55

ginkos

Question 56

deciduous and dioecious

Answer 56

ginkos

Question 57

live at high altitudes and cold climates

Answer 57

Conifers

Question 58

adaptations for cold and dry weather

Answer 58

conifers

Question 59

most are tall trees with scale-like or needle-like leaves

Answer 59

Conifers

Question 60

limits water loss through transpiration, decreasing breaking of branches due to show

Answer 60

scale-like or needle-like leaves

Question 61

pines, spruces, firs, sequoias, cedars, and junipers, yews, some deciduous-larch and tamarack

Answer 61

Evergreens

Question 62

the closest relatives to modern angiosperms

Answer 62

Gnetophytes

Question 63

broad leaves and angiosperm-like xylem

Answer 63

Gnetophytes

Question 64

Ephedra SW North America- small, scale-lik leaves

Answer 64

Ephedrine

Question 65

tropical/suptropical vines

Answer 65

Gnetum

Question 66

Welwitschia

Answer 66

low-growing desert plant in Namibia and Angola that lives up to 2000 years

Question 67

________ evolved from gnetophyte ancestor - 202-145.5 mya during Jurassic

Answer 67

Flower plants

Question 68

________ became dominant plants by the mid-Cretaceous (145.5 - 65.5 mya)

Answer 68

flower plants

Question 69

________ have cooperative evolutionary relationships with animals to dispose their pollen to female gametophytes in a highly targeted way

Answer 69

flower

Question 70

a group of plants that branched off before the separation into monocots and eudicots

Answer 70

Basal angiosperms

Question 71

margnoliidae are represented by________

Answer 71

magnolias

Question 72

small trees and shrubs that grow mostly in warmer climates

Answer 72

Laurales

Question 73

freshwater aquatic with floating leaves

Answer 73

Nymphaeles

Question 74

small flowers without petals that are tightly arranged in long spikes

Answer 74

Piperales

Question 75

One Cotyledon, veins in leaves, scattered vascular tissues, mostly adventitious root network, monosulcate pollen, three or multiple of three flower parts

Answer 75

Monocot

Question 76

Two cotyledons, branched veins, vascular tissues arranged in ring patterns, tap root and lateral roots, trisulcate/triporate pollen, four-five or multiples of four or five flower parts

Answer 76

Eudicot