PLant form and function (2)

Question 1

Some rhizomes that end in enlarged structures specialized for storage called ________

Answer 1

Some rhizomes that end in enlarged structures specialized for storage called tubers

Question 2

What are tendrils?

Answer 2

Modified leaves called tendrils help vines, such as pea plants, cling to solid structures.

Question 3

Tendrils of grapevines are modified leaves. True or false?

Answer 3

Flase.Some tendrils, such as those of grapevines, are modified stems.

Question 4

What is the function of the spines of cactuses?

Answer 4

The spines of cactuses are modified leaves that protect the plant from being eaten.

Question 5

What are the 3 tissue systems that make up the plant body?

Answer 5

1. Dermal tissue layer
2. Vascular tissue layer
3. Ground tissue layer

Question 6

What are the structures of dermal tissue and explain the function?

Answer 6

The dermal tissue system covers and protects the plant.

In leaves, dermal tissue has stomata, pores with guard cells that regulate the exchange of gases and water vapor with the environment.

Question 7

Explain the dermal tissue in non-woody plants.

Answer 7

In nonwoody plants, the dermal tissue system consists of a single layer of tightly packed cells called the epidermis

Question 8

Dermal cells secrete a waxy coating called the ______, which helps prevent water loss.

Answer 8

Dermal cells secrete a waxy coating called the cuticle, which helps prevent water loss.

Question 9

The ground tissue system of a leaf, called the _____, is sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermis.

Answer 9

The ground tissue system of a leaf, called the mesophyll, is sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermis.

Question 10

What is the vascular system and what are the two cell types it consists of?

Answer 10

The vascular tissue system contains xylem and phloem, which function in support and transport.

Xylem conveys water and dissolved minerals.

Phloem transports sugars.

Question 11

In the center of the root, the vascular tissue system forms a ____________.

Answer 11

In the center of the root, the vascular tissue system forms a vascular cylinder

Question 12

What is the function of the ground tissue system?

Answer 12

The ground tissue system functions in storage, photosynthesis, and support.

Question 13

Ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue is called ______, and ground tissue external to the vascular tissue is called ________.

Answer 13

Ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue is called pith, and ground tissue external to the vascular tissue is called cortex.

Question 14

What is the innermost layer of the cortex and what is the function?

Answer 14

The innermost layer of the cortex is the endodermis, a selective barrier that regulates the passage of substances between the cortex and the vascular tissue

Question 15

Most plant cells have three unique structures. Name them and their function.

Answer 15

-Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis.

-A central vacuole contains fluid that helps maintain cell turgor (firmness).

-A protective cell wall composed of cellulose that surrounds the plasma membrane.

Question 16

What are 5 specialized cell types?

Answer 16

1. Parenchyma
2. Collenchyma
3. Sclerenchyma
4. Tracheids and vessel elements
5. Sieve-tube elements

Question 17

What are the functions of parenchyma?

Answer 17

-Perform most metabolic functions of a plant
-This includes photosynthesis, food storage, and synthesis of various organic molecules.
-Most parenchyma cells can divide and differentiate into other types of plant cells under certain conditions, such as during the repair of an injury

Question 18

What are the functions of collenchyma?

Answer 18

-Provide flexible support in actively growing parts of the plant

-Young stems often have collenchyma cells just below their surface (the “string” of a celery stalk, for example).

-These living cells elongate as stems and leaves grow.

Question 19

What are the functions of sclerenechyma?

Answer 19

1. (Including fiber and sclereids) with rigid secondary walls that help support the plant
2. Mature sclerenchyma cells cannot elongate and thus are found only in regions of the plant that have stopped growing in length.
3. After they mature, most sclerenchyma cells die, and their remaining cell walls form a rigid “skeleton” that supports the plant

Question 20

What are the functions of tracheids and vessel elements?

Answer 20

-Water-conducting cells
-Present in xylem tissue
-Chains of tracheids or vessel elements aligned end-to-end form a system of tubes that conveys water from the roots to the stems and leaves.

-The tubes are hollow because both tracheids and vessel elements are dead when mature, with only their cell walls remaining.