PLANT KINGDOM Flashcards
(249 cards)
1
Q
Name the classification systems
A
Artificial system of classification natural system of classification Phylogenetic system of classification
2
Q
artificial system of classification is on the basis of
A
a few morphological characteristics
3
Q
on what basis did Linnaeus classify angiosperms
A
on basis of androecium structure
4
Q
proponents of artificial system of classification
A
Aristotle & Linnaeus
5
Q
drawbacks of artificial system of classification
A
separated closely related species equal weightage to vegetative and sexual character
6
Q
What was wrong in giving equal weightage to vegetative and sexual characters in artificial system of classification
A
vegetative characters were easily affected by the environment
7
Q
natural system of classification is on the basis of
A
External and internal features (ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology and phytochemistry)
8
Q
Proponents of natural system of classification
A
Benthem and Hooker
9
Q
phylogenetic system of classification is on the basis of
A
evolutionary history
10
Q
proponents of phylogenetic system of classification
A
Engler and Prantl, Hutchinson and Takhtajan
11
Q
Types of taxonomy
A
Numerical taxonomy, cytotaxonomy and chemotaxonomy
12
Q
Numerical taxonomy explain
A
+ , - , 0 Compares 100’s of characteristics while giving equal weightage
13
Q
cytotaxonomy on the basis of
A
chromosome structure , number , and behavior
14
Q
chemotaxonomy on the basis of
A
chemical constitution of plant
15
Q
Plant kingdom divided into
A
Algae Bryophytes pteridophytes gymnosperms angiosperms
16
Q
Name the tracheophytes
A
Pteridophytes gymnosperms angiosperms
17
Q
Name the atracheophytes
A
algae bryophytes
18
Q
types of sexual reproduction in the 5
A
Algae (oogamous, isogamous, anisogamous) Bryophytes (oogamous) pteridophytes (oogamous) gymnosperms (oogamous) angiosperms (oogamous)
19
Q
Sec organs in algae
A
unicellular and non- jacketed
20
Q
sex organs in bryophytes
A
antheridium archegonium
21
Q
sex organs in pteridophytes
A
antheridium archegonium
22
Q
sex organs in gymnosperms
A
pollen grain in microsporophyll archegonium
23
Q
sex organs in angiosperms
A
stamen pistil
24
Q
ovule first appears in
A
gymnosperms
25
ovary first appears in
angiosperms
26
spores nature in the 5
Algae (homosporous) bryophyte (homosporous) pteridophyte (homosporous{majority} & hetrosporus) gymnosperms (hetrosporus) angiosperm (hetrosporus)
27
name the embryophytes
bryophytes pteridophytes gymnosperms angiosperms
28
embryo appears for the first time in
bryophytes
29
Name the spermatophytes
gymno and angiosperms
30
seed appears for the first time in
gymnosperms
31
Name the phanerogams
gymno and angiosperms
32
name the cryptogams
algae bryophyte pteridophyte
33
fruits and flowers in
angiosperms
34
thalloid bodies in
algae and bryophytes
35
well differentiated body in
pteridophyte gymnosperms angiosperms
36
Algae divided into
Chlorophyceae Phaeophyceae Rhodophyceae
37
Name unicellular algae
Chlamydomonas
38
Name colonial algae
volvox & eudorina
39
Name filamentous algae
Ulothrix & spirogyra
40
Vegetative reproduction in algae by
fragmentation
41
most common asexual spore of algae
zoospore
42
zoospores are motile TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
43
sex organs in algae are
unicellular and non jacketed
44
Isogamous reproduction shown by which algae
ulothrix and spirogyra
45
Anisogamous reproduction is shown by which algae
Eudorina
46
Oogamous reproduction is shown by which algae
Volvox, fucus , polysiphonia
47
Gamet of ulothrix is (non flagellate OR flagellate)
flagellate
48
Gamet of spirogyra is (non flagellate OR flagellate)
non flagellate
49
Pigments in green algae
Chl a, chl b, carotene and xanthophyll
50
food stored in green algae as
oil droplets
51
storage body of green algae is called
pyrenoids
52
pyrenoids are located in
chloroplast
53
cell wall in green algae is made of
inner cellulose & outer pectose
54
pyrenoids contain
proteins and starch
55
vegetative reproduction in green algae is
fragmentation
56
asexual spore of green algae
zoospore
57
Name 6 green algae
Chlamydomonas, ulothrix, volvox , eudorina and chara
58
pigments in Phaeophyceae
Chl a , chl c , carotenoids, xanthophyll ( fucoxanthin)
59
what gives Phaeophycea brown colour
fucoxanthin
60
food in Phaeophyceae is stored as
laminarin and mannitol
61
brown algae have cell wall made of ...... and covered in
cellulose algin
62
body in brown algae differentiated into
Holdfast (root-like) stipe (stem-like) frond (leaf like)
63
possess ........ for bouncy
air bladder
64
vegetative reproduction in brown algae
fragmentation
65
In oogamous reproduction gamets of brown algae fuse in
oogonium
66
female gamet of brown algea in oogamous reproduction
oosphere
67
examples of brown algae (6)
laminaria, ectocarpus , fucus, dictoyta , sargassum, macrocyctis
68
Pigments of red algae
chl a , chl b , phycoerythrin
69
which algae found in depth of oceans
red algae
70
cell wall of red algae made of
cellulose pectin hydrocolloids
71
Hydrocolloids in the cell wall of red algae is
agar , carrageen , funori
72
food stored as _____ in red algae
Floridian starch
73
Floridian starch is structurally similar to
amylopectin and glycogen
74
red algae sexual and asexual spores are .....
non motile
75
complex post fertilization development occours in which algae
red algae
76
4 examples of red algae
polysephonia , Porphyra , gracilaria , gellidium
77
volvox
78
chlamydomonas
79
chara
80
ulothrix
81
fucus
82
laminaria
83
porphyra
84
dictyota
85
polysiphonia
86
half of earths CO2 fixation is done by
algae
87
iodine source from algae
fucus
laminaria
88
protein source from algae
chlorella
spirulina
89
algae food source
porphyra , laminaria , sargassum
90
hydrocolloids obtained from
Gelidium and gracilaria
91
bryophytes are divided into
mosses and liverworts
92
name the archegoniates
Bryophytes , pteridophytes and gymnosperms
93
amphibians of the plant kingdom
bryophytes
94
why are amphibians of the plant kingdom called so
water is required for sexual reproduction
95
root like structure of bryophyte
rhizoid
96
gametophyte and sporophyte of bryophyte
dominant gametophyte and reduced sporophyte
97
gametophyte produced gamets by
mitosis
98
gametophyte of bryophyte consist of multicellular sex organs called
antheridium and archegonium
99
mass of sperm mother cells in bryophyte antheridium
androcytes
100
venter cavity of bryophyte archegonium contains
venter canal cells and oosphere
101
first embryophyte
bryophyte
102
in bryophyte, on fertilization of oosphere the zygote undergoes
mitosis to form an embryo that later forms a diploid multicellular sporophyte
103
bryophyte sporophyte divided into
foot , capsule , seta
104
spores are dispersed by ........ in bryophytes
wind
105
once the spore of bryophyte lands on suitable substrate it either ............ like in .............. or .............. like in ..............
develops directly into thalloid gametophyte
liverworts
has a filamentous stage called protonema
mosses
106
vegetative reproduction in bryophytes by
fragmentation
gemmae
budding
107
name a thalloid liverwort
marchantia
108
name a leafy liverwort
porella
109
what are gemmae
green , multicellular , asexual buds
110
gemmea develop into
gemmae cups
which detach from parent body to form new individual
111
in what bryophyte is the sex organs produced on same thalli
Riccia
112
in what bryophyte is the sex organs produced on different thalli
marchantia
113
in marchantia the antheridium and archegonium are held on
antheridiophore
archegoniophore
114
mosses gametophyte stage is divided into
filamentous protonema stage
&
leafy stage
115
rhizoid comparison in liverworts and mosses
unicellular & unbranched
multicellular & branched
116
antheridium and archegonium of mosses produces
biflagellate antherozoid
&
fertile egg
117
spore disposal mechanism in liverworts and mosses
simple
comples
118
leafy stage of mosses develops from the.......... as a ........
secondary protonema
lateral bud
119
3 examples of liverworts
porella
marchantia
riccia
120
3 examples of mosses
funaria
polytrichum
sphagnum
121
importance of bryophytes
prevent soil erosion
soil formation
water retention
peat formation
122
builds soil in rock crevices and fills ponds with soil
sphagnum
123
has high water retention
used when plants get transported
sphagnum
124
sphagnum AKA
bog moss
cotton moss
125
peat produced by
dead parts of sphagnum carbonized over thousands of years
126
use of peat
food fuel source
good manure
used to overcome soil alkinity
127
which moss is used against kidney stones
polytrichum
128
marchantia
129
funaria
130
sphagnum
131
liverwort AKA
mosses AKA
hepaticopsida
bryopsida
132
first terrestrial plants to posses vascular sysem
pteriophytes
133
dominant phase in pteridophytes
sporophyte
134
first plant to have true stem , roots and leaves
pteridophytes
135
leaves in pteridophytes can be small or big
they are respectively called
microphyl and macrophyl
136
pteridophytes
microphyll present in
macrophyl present in
selaginella
ferns
137
leaves having sporangia are called
sporophylls
138
sporangia contain
sporogenous tissue
139
sporangenous tissue undergoes what type of division
sporic meiosis
140
sporophyls compactly arranged into
strobili (cones)
141
strobili present in
selaginella and equisetum
142
homosporus pteridophytes
dryopteris
lycopodium
143
heterosporus pteridophytes
marsiela
azolla
selaginella
salvinia
144
gametophyte of pteridophyte is known as
prothallus
145
homosporous pteridophytes are .........(dioecious/monoecious)
while heterosporous pteridophytes are .......
(dioecious/monoecious)
monoecious
dioecious
146
pteridophytes thrive in
cool, damp, shady areas
therefor geographically restricted
147
pteridophytes require water for fertilization
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
148
pteridophyte sperm is (flagellated or non flagellated)
flagellated
149
in pteridophytes, zygote develops into the embryo inside the
female gametophyte
150
why can't heterosporous cryptogams (selaginella, marsilea) produce seed
151
pteridophytes are divided into
psilopsida
lycopsida
sphenopsida
pteridopsida
152
example of psilopsida
psilotum
153
example of lycopsida
lycopodium and selaginella
154
example of sphenopsida
equistem
155
equisetum AKA
horse tail
156
example of pteridopsida
Dryopteris
pteris
adiantum
azolla
157
dryopteris and adiantum AKA
male shield fern
walking fern , maidenhair dern
158
anthelmintic drug obtained from
dryopteris
159
pteridophyte that is a good source of starch
marsilea
160
which pteridophyte is used for polishing metals and scouring
equisetum
161
Equisetum (horse tail)
162
terrestrial fern
163
salvinia
164
selaginella
165
most primitive and advanced of the pteridophytes
psilopsida
pteridopsida
166
which pteridophyte is used as a biofertilizer
azolla
167
The Sequoia (redwood tree) is **ONE OF THE TALLEST** trees in the world
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
168
dominant body in gymnosperms
sporophyte
169
root system in gymnosperms
tap root system
170
root comparison in pinus and cycas
roots associated with fungi , forming mycorrhiza
coralloid roots associated with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria
171
seed comparison in pinus and cycas
winged
non winged
172
stem comparison in pinus and cycas
branched
unbranched
173
pollen comparison in pinus and cycas
monoecious
dioecious
174
leaves of pinus
thin , reduced , needle like
thick cuticle
sunken stomata
175
leaves of cycas
initially pinnately compound then becomes palmately compound
176
shape of the leaves of ginkgo biloba
fan shaped
177
gymnosperms
microsporophylls are compactly arranged to form
male strobilli
178
gymnosperms
microsporophylls bear
microsporangia
179
gymnosperms
microsporangia bear
microspore mother cell
180
gymnosperms
microspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to form
microspore
181
gymnosperms
microspore develops into
male gametophyte
182
male gametophyte in gymnosperms are
reduced to only a few cells (pollen grain)
183
gymnosperms
megasporophylls are compactly arranged to form
female strobilli
184
gymnosperms
megasporophyll contain
integumented megasporangia (ovule)
185
gymnosperms
ovule consists of
nucellus
186
Gymnosperms
male and female reproductive bodies are bourne on the same tree in ............ and different tree in ............
pinus
cycas
187
gymnosperms
how many archegonia on the female gametophyte
2
188
gymnosperms
female gametophyte is retained within the megasporangium
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
therefor seed habit observed for the first time
189
Edible seeds of Pinus gerardiana
chilgoza
190
what kind of wood do gymnosperms possess
soft wood
191
soft wood is used for making
furniture , railway sleepers , match sticks , paper
192
what is used to make fiber boards
needles of pinus
193
ephendrine drug is obtained from and is used for
ephedra
respiratory ailments
194
drug taxol is obtained from and is used for
bark of taxus
anticancerous drug
195
ploidy of endosperm of gymnosperm
haploid
196
cycas
197
pinus
198
cedrus
199
Ginkgo biloba
200
fruiting plant
angiosperm
201
ovary observed for first time
angiosperm
202
smallest angiosperm
wolfia
203
tallest angiosperm
eucalaptus
204
angioseprm divided into
monocot and dicot
205
sex organ of angiosperm
stamen and carpel
206
stamen divided into
filament and anther
207
carpel divided into
stigma
style
ovary
208
where is the placenta present in the ovary
ovarian cavity
209
number of ovules in an ovary =
1 (give example)
many (give example)
wheat, mango
papaya, watermelon
210
angiosperm
functional megaspore develops into
female gametophyte
211
angiosperm
female gametophyte AKA
embryo sac
212
structure of embryo sac
3 antipodal cells
1 central cell
2 synergid cells
1 egg
213
number of cells and number of nuclei in an embryo sac
7 cells
8 nuclei
214
the pollen tube enters the embryo sac through the
chalazal end
215
pollen grain contains how many gamets
2
216
polar nuclei of embryosac fuse to form
diploid secondary nucleus
217
what do each of the 2 male gamets do in angiosperm
this even is known as
1 fertilizes the egg cell to form the zygote
while the other fuses with the secondary nuclear to form **TRIPLOID primary endosperm nucleus**
double fertilization
218
double fertilization is unique to
angiosperm
219
what happens to the synergid cells and antipodal cells after fertilization
they degenerate
220
angiosperm
zygote develops into
ovule develops into
ovary develops into
embro
seed
fruit
221
medicines are obtained from which angiosperms
quinine
belladonna
ashwagandha
222
angiosperm provide what type of wood
hard wood
223
hardwood is obtained from
sisham
teak
oak
sandlewood
224
types of life cycles
haplontic
diplontic
haplo-diplontic
225
in haplontic life cycle diploid phase is represented by
a single zygote
226
plants showing haplontic life cycle
most algae
227
plants showing diplontic life cycle
angio and gymnosperms
228
algae that shows diplontic life cycle
fucus
229
haplodiplontic life cycle is shown by
bryophytes and pteridophytes
230
haplodiplontic life cycle of bryophytes
dominant gametophyte
sporophyte dependent on the gametophyte
231
haplodiplontic life cycle of pteriophyte
dominant sporophyte but gametophyte independent of sporophyte
232
algae showing haplodiplontic life cycle
ectocarpus , laminaria, polysiphonia
233
explain zooidogamy
and give exmples that show this
motile male gamete reach female gamete by swiming
algae , bryophyte , pteridophyte
234
explain sphinogamy
non-motile male gamete reach female gemete via pollen tube
gymno and angiosperm
235
sulphur shower due to which plant
pinus
236
smallest gymnosperm
zamia
237
largest gymnosperm
sequoia
238
in gymnosperms what do
1) testa, tegmen and perisperm
2) endosperm
3) plumule, radicle , suspensors and cotyledons
represent
1) parental sporophye
2) female gametophyte
3) future sporophyte
239
name the living fossils of plant kingdom
cycas , ginkgo , metasequoia
240
connecting link between **Cyclades and conifers**
ginkgo biloba
241
largest ovule found in
cycas revoluta
242
largest cone found in
cycas circinalis
243
largest male and female gamete
cycas
244
red algea has what type of sexual reproduction
oogamous
245
are gemme present in mosses
no
246
247
Is there a gymnosperm that has a motile male gamete
If yes give an example
Yes
cycas
248
what forms the egg apparatus
egg cell and synergid cells
249
