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NEET BOTONY > TRANSPORT IN PLANTS > Flashcards

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q

Types of transport

A

Diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport

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2
Q

diffusion

A

molecules move from high concentration to low concentration

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3
Q

diffusing particles create a pressure called

A

diffusion pressure

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4
Q

how is diffusion important in plants

A

only form of transport for gaseous molecules in plant

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5
Q

Diffusion depends on

A

concentration gradient membrane permeability temperature pressure size of substance (smaller substance diffuse faster)

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6
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

diffusion of hydrophilic substances along concentration gradient through fixed membrane proteins

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7
Q

why cant facilitated diffusion cause net movements of particles

A

because it requires energy

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8
Q

when is facilitated diffusion said to be saturated

A

when all transporter proteins are being used

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9
Q

membrane proteins for facilitated diffusion are very specific TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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10
Q

Porins are ………. that form ……… pores in the outer membrane of ……….. , ……….. , ………… all allow ……….. size proteins to pass through

A

proteins large chloroplast mitochondira bacteria small

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11
Q

water channels are made of how many aquaporins

A

8

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12
Q

types of facilitated diffusion

A

uniport symport antiport

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13
Q

active tranport

A

movement of substances agaisnt the concentration gradient by using ATP

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14
Q

What are pumps

A

proteins that transport substances against concentration gradient (uphill transport)

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15
Q

saturation effect

A

all pumps are being used

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16
Q

movement of transport proteins is done by

A

active transport

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17
Q

what forms of transport respond to inhibitors

A

facilitated diffusion and active transport

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18
Q

how much % of watermelon is water

A

92 %

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19
Q

% of dry weight in herbaceous plants

A

10-15%

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20
Q

corn plant absorbs …… liter of water a day

A

3

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21
Q

mustard plant can absorb water equal to its own weight in

A

5 hours

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22
Q

water potential

A

free energy of water

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23
Q

water moves from (in terms of water potential)

A

hight water potential to low water potential

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24
Q

unit of water potential

A

pascal

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25
water potential of pure water at standard temperature
0
26
define solute potential
decrease in water potential when solute is added to water (-ve)
27
how does pressure affect water potential
it increases it
28
at atm pressure water potential is equal to
solute potential
29
water potential =
pressure potential + solute potential
30
plant vacuole contains
vacuolar sap
31
what 2 membranes play an important role in movement of water in and out of the cell
cell membrane and tonoplast
32
osmosis
movement of solvent particles along the concentration gradient through a semi permeable membrane
33
osmosis is driven by 2 factors
pressure gradient concentration gradient
34
osmotic pressure
pressure required to stop osmosis
35
osmotic pressure relation with osmotic potential (solute potential)
numerically equal OP is +ve SP is -ve
36
factors effecting osmotic pressure
concentration of solute ionization of solute hydration of solute particles temperature
37
types of sollutions
hypertonic (more solute) hypotonic (less solute ) isotonic
38
39
plasmolysis
withdrawal of protoplasm of the cell due to extensive loss of water
40
pressure developed by cytoplasm on the cell wall on entry of water
turgor pressure
41
pressure exerted by protoplast on entry of water on the cell wall
pressure potential
42
stages of plasmolysis
limiting (TP=0) incipient (TP= -VE) evident (TP= ----VE)
43
imbibition
immobilization of water on the surface of substances
44
imbibant imbibate
solid water
45
conditions for imbibition
water potential gradient affintiy between the adsorbent (solid) and imbibed liqued
46
best imbibant
phycocolloids
47
48
diffusion pressure deficit OR suction pressure terms given by
meyer renner
49
what has maximum diffusion pressure
pure water
50
what happens to diffusion pressure on adding of solutes
it decreases
51
DPD is
difference in diffusion pressure of pure water and the solution
52
water moves from (in terms of DPD)
low DPD to high DPD
53
DPD=
OP-TP
54
in turgid cell DPD=
0
55
in turgid cell water potential =
0
56
translocation
bulk movement of substances through vacular parts of plants
57
xylem transports
water mineral ions organic nitrogen hormones
58
different pathways
apoplast pathway symplast pathway
59
least resistance in which pathway
apoplast
60
apoplast blocked by
Casparian strip
61
symplast pathway neighboring cells are connected by
plasmodesamata
62
symplast pathway aided by
cytoplasmic streaming
63
movement in apoplast due to
transpiration pull forces of cohesion and adhesion
64
how much % water abosrbed passivle
96%
65
water can be absorbed passively when the plant is
transpiring
66
what pathway does passive absorption take
apoplastic
67
what pathway does active absorption take
symplastic
68
how much water is absorbed actively
4%
69
how does availability of soil water effect absorption
more absorption , if more water
70
how does soil air effect water absorption
roots require oxygen for development water logged soil is called **PHYSIOLOGICALLY DRY SOIL**
71
how does soil concentraion effect water absorption
highly concentrated soil inhibits absorption aka **PHYSIOLOGICALLY DRY SOIL**
72
Root pressure
active pumping on minerals causes a pressure to develop inside the xylem +ve
73
root pressure observed in which plants
herbaceous plants
74
guttation
loss of water through the hydathodes of the plant due to high root pressure
75
guttation observed during what part of the day
early morning and night
76
root pressure produces a pressure of ................. causing a rise in
1-2 atm 10-20 m
77
transpiration pull theory AKA
cohesion tension transpiration pull model
78
transpiration pull theory introduced by
dixon and jolly
79
properties of water that aid in its asent
cohesion adhesion surface tension
80
cohesive force AKA
tensile strength
81
tensile strentgh of water is
10-30 MPa
82
types of transpiration
stomatal(50-97%) cuticular(3-10%) lenticular (0.1%) bark(1%)
83
inner wall of gaurd cell and outer wall of guard cell is
thick and elastic thin
84
what aids in stomat opening
radial arangement of cellulose microfibrils
85
shape of dicot and monocot stomata
kidney shape dumbelle shape
86
k malate theory by
Imamura and Fujino gave idea Levitt explained
87
explain k malte theory
starch emp pathwat PEP PEPcase oxalo acetic acid malic acid H+ and malate K+ and Cl- from subsidiary cell k+ and h+ antiport kcl and k malate in vacuole endosmosis
88
89
K male theory at night
PEPcase non funtional as it is light-sensitive accumulation of co2 in subsidiary cells activates absisic acid ABA blocks pump and K+ and Cl- and water goes back to subsidiary cell
90
how does light effect transpiration
Blue light causes most opening of stomate blue and red very effective for opening therefore more transpiration
91
how does humidity effect transpiration
humid , less transpiration
92
how does temp effect transpiration
more temp , more transpiration
93
how does wind effect transpiration
more wind , more transpiration
94
how does availability of soil water effect transpiration
less water , less transpiration
95
factors of leaf to prevent transpiration
thick cuticle sunken stomata narrow leaves
96
how does root shoot ration effect transpiration
directly propotional
97
cobalt chloride test and jar test prove
transpiration
98
significance of transpiration
cooling effect ascent of sap maintains cell turgidity
99
why are minerals activiely absorbed
1) membrane is impermeable to ions 2) higher conc of ions inside the root
100
example of mobile elements
N,P,K,Mg
101
examples of immobile elements
Ca, Fe
102
deficiency of mobile elements first seen in
older parts of plant
103
deficiency of immobile elements shown in
younger parts of plants
104
mass flow hypothesis proposed by and elaborated by
munch graft
105
girdling experiment by
malphigi
106
food transported as
sucrose
107
phloem loading phloem unloading
phloem enters companion cells actively phloem leaves leaves the sieve tube actively to the sink
108
phloem loading casues
drop in water potential and increase in osmotic pressure
109
food moves ....... to ..........
110
on girdling what is observed
upper part of girdled region swells up and is filled with nutrients adventitious roots start growing

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