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Botany > Plant morphology and physiology > Flashcards

Plant morphology and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

two types of plants

A

a. herbaceous
b. woody

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2
Q

types of plants according to their length survival:

A

a. annuals
b. biennials
c. perrenials

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3
Q

are herbaceous plants that grow, reproduce, and die in 1 year or season

A

annuals

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4
Q

_____ are example of corn, geranium, and marigold

A

Annuals

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5
Q

take 2 years to complete their life cycles

A

Biennials

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6
Q

biennials produce extra _____ which they store and use during the second year.

A

carbohydrates

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7
Q

examples of biennials

A

carrot and cabbage

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8
Q

are woody or herbaceous plants that live for more than 2 years

A

Perennials

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9
Q

anchors the plant soil; absorbs and transports minerals and water; stores food

A

root system

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10
Q

made up of stems, leaves, and adptations for reproduction.

A

shoot system

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11
Q

three types of tissue system

A

a. dermal tissue
b. vascular tissue
c. ground tissue

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12
Q

three primary meristems

A

Ground meristem, protoderm, pro cambium

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13
Q

Give rise to ground tissue

A

ground meristem

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14
Q

Give rise to “skin” coverings

A

Protoderm

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15
Q

Give rise to plumbing of the plant

A

Procambium

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16
Q

Secondary growth; add girth (width) by producing wood and bark

A

Latteral meristems

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17
Q

reason why grass keeps growing back after you cut it; add to the plants length

A

intercalary meristems

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18
Q

Components: Epidermis and peridermis

A

dermal tissue system

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19
Q

Components: parenchyma tissue, collenchyma tissue, sclerenchyma tissue

A

Ground tissue system

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20
Q

Components: xylem tissue and phloem tissue

A

vascular tissue system

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21
Q

Functions: protection, prevention of water loss

A

dermal tissue system

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22
Q

Functions: photosynthesis, food storage, regeneration, support, protection

A

Ground tissue system

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23
Q

Functions: Transport of water, minerals, and food

A

vascular tissue system

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24
Q

a functional unit connecting all of the plant’s organs; Each ____ system is continuous throughout the entire plant.

A

tissue system

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25
Q

plant’s outer protective covering

A

dermal tissue system

26
Q

dermal tissue contains:

A

epidermis and cuticle

27
Q

a waxy substance that prevents water loss

A

cuticle

28
Q

the outermost layer of cells covering a woody stem or root-that is, the outer bark that replaces epidermis when it is destroyed during secondary growth

A

periderm

29
Q

tissue system that conducts materials throughout the plant body.

A

vascular tissue system

30
Q

water conducting tissue

A

xylem

31
Q

food conducting tissue

A

phloem

32
Q

the conducting cells in xylem are:

A

tracheids and vessel elements

33
Q

bigger hole

A

vessel element

34
Q

small hole

A

tracheids

35
Q

All of the tissues of the plant body other than the vascular tissues and the dermal tissues; it accounts for most of the bulk of a young plant, filling the spaces between the epidermis and vascular tissue system

A

Ground tissue system

36
Q

photosynthesis, storage and secretion; have thin primary cell walls

A

Parenchyma tissue

37
Q

is a flexible tissue hat provides much support in soft, non-woody plants organs; allow plants to grow upward

A

collenchyma tissue

38
Q

structural support; have both primary cell walls and thick secondary walls

A

sclerenchyma tissue

39
Q

two types of cells in sclerenchyma tissue:

A

sclereids and fibers

40
Q

roots, stems, leaves, flower parts, and fruits are called:

A

The plant organs

41
Q

Generally grow downward, in the direction of gravity

A

roots

42
Q

the embryonic root is called

A

radicle

43
Q

tap root

A

dicot

44
Q

fibrous root

A

monocot

45
Q

via cell walls and spaces between cells; stopped by Casparian strip

A

Extracellular route

46
Q

via cell interiors, through plasmodesmata

A

intracellular route

47
Q

underground organ that undergoes modifications during tis development to store nutrients

A

storage roots

48
Q

are modified adventitious roots that grown downward to provide support to the heavy branches

A

prop roots

49
Q

are large, wide roots on all sides of a shallowly rooted tree; they may prevent the tree from falling over

A

buttress roots

50
Q

roots that grow vertically upwards to get oxygen for respiration by plants growing in swampy areas

A

pneumatophores

51
Q

modified root of parasitic plants that penetrates into a host plant

A

haustorial roots

52
Q

are responsible movement of the underground shoot part of the plant

A

contractile root

53
Q

roots above the ground. they are almost adventitious.

A

aerial roots

54
Q

link a plant’s root to its leaves; are either herbaceous or woody

A

stems

55
Q

most water that a plant absorbs is transpired through _____ into the atmosphere.

A

stomata

56
Q

a horizontal underground stem that often serves as a storage organ and a means of asexual reproduction

A

rhizome

57
Q

climbing stem; weak-stemmed plants

A

veins

58
Q

rounded, fleshy underground bud

A

bulbs

59
Q

a short, thickened underground stem

A

corm

60
Q

an aerial horizontal stem with long internodes

A

stolon

61
Q
A
62
Q
A

Botany (5 decks)

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