Plant cell structure and functions

Question 1

important of cells

Answer 1

a. all organisms are made out of cells
b. the cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live

Question 2

who is regarded as the inventor of useable tow-lensed microscope; study about cells; coined the term ‘cell’

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

first identified and name the cell’s nucleus

Answer 3

Robert Brown

Question 4

(who) all plant tissues are composed of cells and that an embryonic plant arose from a single cell.

Answer 4

Matthias Schleiden

Question 5

(who) all cells are the structural units of life

Answer 5

Theodor Schwann

Question 6

(who) all cells come from pre- existing cells

Answer 6

Rudolf Virchow

Question 7

cell theory ( 3who’s)

Answer 7

Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow

Question 8

to study cells, biologist use _____ and the tools of biochemistry; provide window to the world of cells

Answer 8

microscopes

Question 9

scientist use microscope to visualize cells to small to see with the naked eye

Answer 9

Microscopy

Question 10

two types of cells make up every organism

Answer 10

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

Question 11

basic common features among all cells:

Answer 11

a. they are bounded by a plasma membrane
b. they contain semifluid substance called the cytosol
c. They contain chromosomes
d. They all have ribosomes

Question 12

kingdoms of eukaryotic

Answer 12

Multicellular, Eukaryotic (Plantae, animalia, fungi)

Question 13

Kingdoms of prokaryotic

Answer 13

Unicellular, Prokaryotic ( Eubacteria, Archabacteria)

Question 14

Eukaryotic, unicellular and multicellular

Answer 14

Protista

Question 15

A typical rod-shaped bacterium; do not contain nucleus; have their DNA located in a region called Nucleoid.

Answer 15

Prokaryotic cells

Question 16

Prokaryotic cells: attachment structures on the surface of some prokaryotes

Answer 16

Pill

Question 17

Prokaryotic cells: region where the cell’s DNA is located ( not enclosed by a membrane)

Answer 17

Nucleoid

Question 18

Prokaryotic cells: organelles that synthesize proteins.

Answer 18

Ribosome

Question 19

Prokaryotic cells: membrane enclosing the cytoplasm

Answer 19

Plasma membrane

Question 20

Prokaryotic cells: rigid structure outside the plasma membrane

Answer 20

cell wall

Question 21

Prokaryotic cells: jelly-like outer coating of many prokaryotes

Answer 21

Capsule

Question 22

Prokaryotic cells: locomotion organelles of some bacteria

Answer 22

Flagella

Question 23

a plant cell; contain a true nucleus, bounded by a membraneous nuclear envelope; are generally quite a bit bigger than prokaryotic cells

Answer 23

Eukaryotic cells

Question 24

Dna: Naked, circular, no introns

Answer 24

Prokaryotes

Question 25

Reproduction: Binary fission, single chromosome ( haploid)

Answer 25

Prokaryotes

Question 26

Size: Smaller (1-5μm)

Answer 26

Prokaryotes

Question 27

Dna: Bound to protein, linear, has introns

Answer 27

Eukaryotes

Question 28

Organelles: No nucleus, no membrane-bound

Answer 28

Prokaryotes

Question 29

Organelles; has nucleus, membrane bound

Answer 29

Eukaryotes

Question 30

reproduction: Mitosi, Meiosis and Chromosome paired

Answer 30

Eukaryotes

Question 31

Size: Larger (10-100 μm)

Answer 31

Eukaryotes

Question 32

Panoramic view: Have extensive and elaborately arranged internal membranes, which form organelles

Answer 32

Eukaryotic cells

Question 33

Panoramic view: Have most of the same organelles

Answer 33

plant and animal cells

Question 34

in animal cells but not plant cells:

Answer 34

Lysosomes, Centrioles, Flagella ( in some plant sperm)

Question 35

in plant cells but not animal cells:

Answer 35

Chloroplasts, central vacuole and tonoplast, cell wall, Plasmodesmata

Question 36

plant cell: genetic library of the cell; carried out by the ribosomes

Answer 36

Nucleus

Question 37

plant cell: encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm

Answer 37

the nuclear envelope

Question 38

what are the organelles containing DNA?

Answer 38

nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 39

Evolution of eukaryotic cells

Answer 39

Endosymbiosis theory

Question 40

plant cell: carry out protein synthesis

Answer 40

Ribosomes

Question 41

plant cell: accounts for more than half the total membrane in man eukaryotic cells; biosynthetic factory

Answer 41

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 42

Two distinct regions of ER

Answer 42

Smooth ER (lacks ribosomes) and Rough ER (contains ribosomes)

Question 43

Synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, stores calcium, detoxifies poison

Answer 43

smooth ER

Question 44

has bound ribosomes, produces proteins and membranes, which are distributed by transport vesicles

Answer 44

rough ER

Question 45

plant cell: shipping and receiving center

Answer 45

gogli apparatus

Question 46

consists of flattened membranous sacs called:

Answer 46

cisternae

Question 47

diverse maintenance compartments

Answer 47

Vacuoles

Question 48

are formed by phagocytosis

Answer 48

Food vacuoles

Question 49

Pump excess water out of protist cells

Answer 49

Contractile vacuoles

Question 50

are found in plant cells; hold reserves of important organic compounds and water

Answer 50

Central vacuoles

Question 51

are the sites of cellular respiration; chemical energy conversion

Answer 51

mitochondria

Question 52

are the sites of photosynthesis

Answer 52

chloroplasts

Question 53

m____and c_____ change energy from one form to another

Answer 53

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 54

mitochondria enclosed by two membrane:

Answer 54

a. smooth outer membrane b. inner membrane folded into cristae

Question 55

capture of light energy; contains chlorophyll; are found in leaves and other green organs of plants and in algae

Answer 55

chloroplast

Question 56

produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it to water

Answer 56

Peroxisome

Question 57

is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell; found in the cytoplasm; gives mechanical support to the cell.

Answer 57

Cytoskeleton

Question 58

is an extracellular structure of plat cells; made of cellulose fibers embedded in other polysaccharides and protein; many have multiple layers.

Answer 58

Cell wall

Question 59

are channels that perforate plant cell walls

Answer 59

Plasmodesmata

Question 60

functions as a selective barrier; allows sufficient passage of nutrients and waste; it supports and protects the cell; also helps maintain homeostasis

Answer 60

plasma membrane