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Plant water relations 1 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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0
Q

what is hydrolysis?

A

the breakdown of bigger molecules into smaller molecules

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1
Q

why is water important to metabolic processes?

A

participates directly as a reactant in key metabolic reactions such as photosynthesis

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2
Q

water provides critical hydration for ______

A

enzymes

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3
Q

enzymes are always ____

A

proteins

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4
Q

what do enzymes need hydration

A

to carry out important biochemical processes and be functional

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5
Q

what is considered an important solvent?

A

water

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6
Q

water delivers ____ to roots and other plant parts

A

soil minerals

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7
Q

______ transport is the transport of soil minerals to the roots and other plant parts

A

xylem

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8
Q

water delivers sugars from the site of ______ to the site of ______

A

synthesis to utilization

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9
Q

________ transport delivers sugars from the site of synthesis to the site of utilization

A

phloem

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10
Q

_______ contributes to the most mass of the cell

A

water

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11
Q

how does water contribute to the most mass of a cell?

A

by filling and expanding the cell’s vacuole which comprises about 90% of the cell

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12
Q

what is responsible for turgor pressure?

A

the filling of the vacuole

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13
Q

plants must maintain _____ to remain erect

A

turgor

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14
Q

water is _____ yet _____

A

polar yet neutral

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15
Q

what makes a water molecule polar?

A

the asymmetrical electron distribution

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16
Q

neighboring water molecules _____ each other

A

attract to

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17
Q

water can form ______ bonds with other _____ groups

A

hydrogen bonds with other polar

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18
Q

______ are responsible for many unique and important properties of water

A

hydrogen bonds

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19
Q

what is water of hydration?

A

a tightly bound shell of water around proteins

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20
Q

what % of total cell water does water of hydration account for?

A

~5-10%

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21
Q

bound water or vital water are other terms for

A

water of hydration

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22
Q

water of hydration is critical for ____ and _____ of protein molecules and membrane structure

A

stability and activity

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23
Q

slight reduction of _____ is enough to cause severe alterations of protein/membrane structure

A

water of hydration

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24
water has a _____ latent heat of vaporization
high
25
what is the energy needed to convert one gram of water to one gram of water vapor at 20C?
590 cal
26
what is evaporative cooling?
the reduction in temperature resulting from the evaporation of a liquid which removes latent heat from the surface the evaporation takes place on
27
where in horticulture crop production have you seen the practical use of evaporative cooling?
fan-pad greenhouse cooling system and cooling off buds
28
on a fan and pad cooling system is drier or wetter air better for most efficient evaporative cooling?
drier
29
how is evaporative cooling used to prevent buds in a late spring frost?
by delaying bud break
30
non-dormant buds need to get to certain heat units in order to break and grow. what prevents these heat units from occuring?
evaporative cooling
31
_______ is responsible for cooling of leaves during a hot summer day through transpiration
latent heat of fusion
32
does water have a high or low specific heat?
HIGH
33
what moderates the temperature around large bodies of water?
the high specific heat of water
34
_____ rapidly conducts heat away from the source of application
water
36
does water have a high or low thermal conductivity?
high
37
define latent heat of fusion
heat released when one gram water is converted to 1 g of ice
38
what is the latent heat of fusion for water?
80 cal/g of water
39
water ____ the object on which freezing occurs
warms
40
how can water be used to protect plants from freezing damages?
by sprinkling water at low volumes frequently
41
is the viscosity of water high or low
low
42
what keeps the viscosity of water low?
hydrogen bonds
43
what property of water facilitates water transport in plants?
viscocity
44
hydrogen bonding is responsible for the ____ properties of water
cohesive
45
define cohesion
attraction of like molecules to each other
46
define adhesion
the attraction of dissimilar molecules to each other
47
describe cohesion and water
water molecules attract to each other
48
describe adhesion and water
water molecules attract to solid phase stuctures
49
what two forces are crucial for water movement up the tall tree
adhesion and cohesion
50
high cohesive forces leads to
high tensile strength
51
does a water column remain in tact even under high tension/pull by a negative pressure?
yes
52
the attraction of water molecules leads to an extremely high
breaking point
53
define cavitation
breakage of water column
54
what is the driving force of movement into and through plants
water potential
55
what does water potential tell us?
which way water will move and gives us measure of general water status in plants
56
define water potential
the chemical potential of water
57
what kind of work in plants does water potential do
diffuse water through soil, move water across membranes, cause turgor pressure in cells resulting in growth, and pull water up trees
58
water potential is the thermodynamic way of defining ______ of water
free energy
59
water moves from ___ free energy to ____ free energy until an equilibrium is obtained
high to low
60
why is free energy of water lower in hypertonic solution
1. because increasing solute concentration in water decreases the mole fraction of water in solution 2. mole fraction of water is directly proportional to the free energy of water
61
the ______ the solute concentration of a solution the _____ the water potential
high; lower
62
____ is the highest free energy (0)
pure water
63
__ Mpa = ___ bar = ___ atm
1; 10; 10
64
an increasing negative value for water potential is increasingly ____ water potential
lower
65
water ALWAYS moves from _____ water potential to ______ potential
higher to lower
66
define passive transport
movement along (down) the water potential gradient
67
is water potential electrically active or passive
passive
68
define active transport
movement against the water potential gradient
69
water potential=
solute potential + pressure potential
70
define osmotic pressure
the hydrostatic pressure as the volume of a solution increases
71
osmotic potential is defined as
the negative of the osmotic pressure
72
net water movement can be stopped or even reversed if
sufficient pressure is applied to equal or exceed the osmotic pressure
73
why is the term potential used rather than pressure
because isolated solutions have no pressure they only have the potential to do so
74
if any solutes are present solute potential is
negative
75
the higher the concentration of solutes the ______ the solute potential
more negative

hort 321 (10 decks)

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