Plantations Flashcards
Old English
People in the Pale loyal to the King
Anglo-irish
Descendants of the Anglo-Normans who invaded Ireland in the 1100s
Gaelic Irish
Gaelic chieftains who followed brehon law
Methods used by the Tudors to conquer Ireland
Surrender + regrant
Plantations
Why the Tudors wanted to conquer Ireland
Expand their territory
Spread English custom, language. culture ect
Spread Protestantism
Prevent the Irish + French forming an alliance
Prevent further rebellion
Save money
Laois-Offaly Plantations
Queen Mary
Confiscated from the O’Mores + O’Conners
Failure
Munster
Queen Elizabeth
Confiscated from Fitzgeralds
Sparked Desmond rebellion
Failure
Ulster plantations - background
Queen Elizabeth 1 hoped to control Ulster by giving Hugh O’Neill the title of Earl of Tryone
When adventurers were planted in Ulster, sherriffs enforced protestantism+ english laws+ customs
This angered O’Neill + O’Donnell so They rebelled in 1594(9 years war)
How the Ulster plantation was organised
Organised by King James I in 1609
Covered 6 counties:Donegal, Derry, Tryone, Armagh, Fermanagh + Cavan
No estate was over 2000 acres + given to 3 types of planter
Derry was reserved for the craft guilds + renamed Londonderry
Undertakers
Largest portion of land
2,000 acres £5/1,000 acres/year
Could only have English/Scottish tenants
Servitors
English/Scottish soldiers
13% of the land
1,000 - 1,500 acres
£8/1000 acres/year
Could have Irish tenants with strict control
Loyal Irish
Native Irish who fought for UK in 9 year was
Less than 1,000 acres for £1,000/year
Could rent to Irish tenants + servitors watched them
Ulster plantation - Results
More successful than Munster+ Laois-Offaly
Large no. of English + Scottish settlers
Most loyal to the crown
Cromwell conquered Ireland+took more land
Crop farming > cattle farming
Protestant pop grew
Rebellions persisted
New towns founded + castles+ markets set up
