Plants

Question 1

What are the organs of a plant

Answer 1

Roots stem leaves

Question 2

What are the tissues of a plant

Answer 2

Epidermal tissues
Palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Xylem and phloem
Meristem

Question 3

What is the feature and function of the waxy cuticle

Answer 3

Reduces water leakage protective layer on the top of leaf preventing water from evaporation

Question 4

What is the feature and function of the upper epidermis

Answer 4

Thin and transparent to allow light to enter palisade mesophyll layer no chloroplasts

Question 5

What is the feature and function of the lower epidermis

Answer 5

Contains guard cells and stomata

Question 6

What is the feature and function of the palisade mesophyll

Answer 6

A lot of chloroplasts column shape cells tightly packed with chloroplasts to absorb more light maximising photosynthesis

Question 7

What is the feature and function of the spongy Mesophyll

Answer 7

Contains airspace is the increase surface area to volume ratio for gas diffusion

Question 8

What is the feature and function of guard cells

Answer 8

Closes and opens stomato they close at night absorb and lose water to open and close stomata to allow gas exchange

Question 9

What is the feature and function of the vascular bundle

Answer 9

Contains xylem and phloem to transport substances to and from leaves

Question 10

What is the feature and function of the xylem

Answer 10

Continually brings water up from roots transport water to leaf for mesophyll cells to use in photosynthesis and for transpiration from stomata

Question 11

What is the feature and function of phloem

Answer 11

Transports sucrose and amino acids around plants

Question 12

What does a large surface area help the leaf with

Answer 12

Increase the surface area for the diffusion of CO2 and absorption of light for photosynthesis

Question 13

What does a thin leaf allow the plant to do

Answer 13

Allow CO2 to the fuse to palisade mesophyll cells quickly

Question 14

What does chlorophyll help the plant to do

Answer 14

Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis can occur

Question 15

How does the network veins help the plant

Answer 15

Allows the transport of water to the cells of the leaf and carbohydrates from the leaf for photosynthesis water for photosynthesis carbohydrates as a product of photosynthesis

Question 16

How does the stomata help the leaf

Answer 16

Allow CO2 to diffuse into the leaf and oxygen to diffuse out

Question 17

How does the epidermis being thin and transparent helps the leaf

Answer 17

Allow more light to reach the palisade cells

Question 18

What does the thin cuticle made of wax help was in the leaf

Answer 18

To protect the leaf without blocking sunlight

Question 19

How does the palisade cell layer at the top of the leaf help the plant

Answer 19

Maximise is the absorption of light as it will hit chloroplasts in the cells directly

Question 20

How does the spongy layer help the leaf

Answer 20

Airspace is a Lúcio to diffuse through the leaf increasing surface area

Question 21

How does the vascular bundle help the leaf

Answer 21

Six cells of the tissue in the bundles help to support the stem and leaf

Question 22

What is the function of the root hair cell

Answer 22

Absorbs water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport

Question 23

What are the adaptations of a root hair cells

Answer 23

It’s extensions increases surface area of cell which increases the rate of water and mineral ion absorption

Question 24

What are the structure features of the xylem

Answer 24

Transports water and minerals
It has a one-way flow of sap
Thick cell wall made of lignin
Cells having no end walls between them

Question 25

What are the structure features of the phloem

Answer 25

Transports water and food It has two Wayfloe of sap Thin cell wall made of Celulose Cells with end walls and perforations

Question 26

What are xylem and phloem collectively called

Answer 26

The vascular bundle

Question 27

What is the process of water movement

Answer 27

Step one water is absorbed from soil into root hair cells by osmosis Water moves from roots to leaves through xylem Transpiration happens

Question 28

What is transpiration

Answer 28

The loss of water in the leaf through the stomata by evaporation

Question 29

What is the process of food movement

Answer 29

Glucose is produced by photosynthesis in leaves Glucose is converted into amino acids and sucrose for transportation Translocation happens

Question 30

What is translocation

Answer 30

Amino acids and sucrose move from leaves to other parts of plant for respiration or storage

Question 31

What are four factors affecting the rate of transpiration

Answer 31

Temperature Light intensity Air flow Humidity

Question 32

What is the description of temperature affecting the rate of transpiration

Answer 32

Higher the temperature the higher kinetic energy of the water particles have the higher the rate of transpiration

Question 33

What is the description of light intensity affecting the rate of transpiration

Answer 33

The higher the light intensity the wider stomata open the higher the rate of transpiration

Question 34

What is the description of airflow affecting the rate of transpiration

Answer 34

The higher the airflow the higher the concentration gradient of water the higher the rate of transpiration

Question 35

What is the description of humidity affecting the rate of transpiration

Answer 35

The higher the humidity the lower the concentration gradient of water the lower the rate of transpiration

Question 36

How come you measure the rate of transpiration

Answer 36

By measuring how much goes in the roots and how much comes out the stomata

Question 37

What is the equation for magnification

Answer 37

Magnification = image size / actual size

Question 38

What is the equation for measuring the rate of transpiration

Answer 38

Rate of transpiration = difference in volume of water loss/change in time

Question 39

Compare the structure of xylem and phloem

Answer 39

Xylem transports water and minerals as phloem transports water and food Xylem has a one way flow of sap as phloem has a 2 way flow of sap Xylem has a thick wall made of lignin as phloem has thin wall made of cellulose Xylem cells have no end between them as phloem cells have end walls and perforations

Question 40

What are 2 types of tropisms

Answer 40

Phototropism Gravitropism

Question 41

What is a tropisms

Answer 41

Plant produce hormones to control and coordinate growth

Question 42

What are the 3 types of plant hormones

Answer 42

Auxins Gibberellins Ethene

Question 43

What is the function of auxins

Answer 43

Promote cell elongation in shoots and inhibit cell elongation in roots

Question 44

What is the function of gibberellins

Answer 44

Initiate seed germination flowering and growth of fruit

Question 45

What is the function of Ethene

Answer 45

Control cell division and ripening of fruits

Question 46

What is posotive phototropism

Answer 46

Plants grow towards the light

Question 47

What is negative phototropism

Answer 47

Plants grow away from lighn

Question 48

What is posotive gravitropism

Answer 48

Plants grow towards gravity

Question 49

What is negative gravitropism

Answer 49

Growing away from gravity

Question 50

Which way do plants grow if auxin are distributed evenly

Answer 50

Growing upward

Question 51

Which way do plants grow if auxin are uneavenly distributed

Answer 51

Growing directionally

Question 52

What is the effect of auxin on root growth

Answer 52

Auxin is produced in root tips Auxin diffuses away from light Auxin inhibits cell elongation in the bright side so root bend downwards

Question 53

What is the effect of auxins on shoot growth

Answer 53

Auxin is produced in stem tips Auxin diffuses away from light Uneven distribution of auxin Auxin inhibits cell elongation in the shaded side so stem bend toward sun

Question 54

How should you structure your answer when you are asked to plan investigation

Answer 54

Independent variable Dependent variable Control variable x2 time frame Repeat investigation Appropriate equipment

Question 55

What is the everyday use of auxins

Answer 55

Used as selective weed killer so growth of weeds can be controlled using auxins to keep yields high Used as rooting powders to stimulate root development of plant cuttings Used to clone plants in labs

Question 56

What are the everyday uses of Ethene

Answer 56

Controls cell division and ripening of fruit During storage and transport production of Ethene is inhibited to delay ripening of Fruits During display artificially produced ethene gas can be released to speed up fruit ripening

Question 57

What are the uses of giberellins

Answer 57

End seed dormancy as high concentration of giberellin promoted seed germination Promotes flowering Increase fruit size