Plants

Question 1

Biomass

Answer 1

The total mass in living organisms, usually shown as the mass after dying

Question 2

Cellulose

Answer 2

Plant cell walls are made of tough cellulose, which support the cell and allow it to keep its shape

Question 3

Chloroplast

Answer 3

A green disc containing chlorophyll, found in plant cells. This is where the plant makes glucose through photosynthesis

Question 4

Endothermic reaction

Answer 4

A type of reaction in which energy from the surroundings is transferred to the products, e.g. photosynthesis.

Question 5

Food chain

Answer 5

A diagram that uses arrows to show the flow of energy through organisms that depend on each other for food

Question 6

Gas exchange

Answer 6

A process in which one gas diffuses across a membrane and another gas diffuses in the opposite direction

Question 7

Glucose

Answer 7

The sugar produced by photosynthesis and needed for respiration

Question 8

Guard cell

Answer 8

A pair of guard cells open and close plant stomata

Question 9

Lipid

Answer 9

A substance in a large group of compounds that include fats and oils

Question 10

Palisade cell

Answer 10

Tall, column-shaped cell bear the upper surface of a plant leaf

Question 11

Photosynthesis

Answer 11

A series of enzyme-catalysed reactions carried out in the green parts of plants. Carbon dioxide and water combine to form glucose. This process requires energy transferred by light

Question 12

Polymer

Answer 12

A long chain molecule made by joining many smaller molecules ( monomers) together

Question 13

Producer

Answer 13

An organism such as a plant that makes its own food using photosynthesis

Question 14

Protein

Answer 14

A polymer made up of amino acids

Question 15

Protist

Answer 15

An organism that belongs to a kingdom of eukaryotic and mainly single-celled organisms

Question 16

Respiration

Answer 16

A series of reactions occurring in all living cells, in which glucose is broken down to release energy

Question 17

Starch

Answer 17

A polymer carbohydrate that is made by the joining together of glucose molecules

Question 18

Stoma

Answer 18

A tiny pore in the lower surface of a leaf which when open allows gases to diffuse into and out of the leaf

Question 19

Storage organ

Answer 19

A plant organ used to store energy-rich substances such as starch e.g. potatoes

Question 20

Sucrose

Answer 20

A type of sugar found in the phloem of plants ans used as table sugar

Question 21

Concentration

Answer 21

The amount of something found in a certain volume of another substance

Question 22

Direct proportion

Answer 22

A linear relationship in which the percentage change in a variable occurs with an equal percentage change in another variable. A direct proportion is seen as a straight line through the origin when the 2 variables are plotted on a graph

Question 23

Inverse proportion

Answer 23

A non-linear relationship where one variable decreases in size at the same rate as another increases

Question 24

Inverse square law

Answer 24

A mathematical relationship in which a quantity varies in inverse proportion of the square of the distance from the source of the quantity

Question 25

Limiting factor

Answer 25

A single factor when in short supply can limit the rats of a process such as photosynthesis

Question 26

Linear relationship

Answer 26

A relationship between 2 variables shown by a straight line on a graph

Question 27

Active transport

Answer 27

The movement of particles across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration (against the concentration gradient). This process requires energy.

Question 28

Concentration gradient

Answer 28

The difference between 2 concentrations

Question 29

Diffusion

Answer 29

The random movement and spreading of particles

Question 30

Mineral ion

Answer 30

Ion from a naturally occurring salt

Question 31

Nitrate

Answer 31

A compound that contains nitrogen in the form of. a nitrate ion

Question 32

Osmosis

Answer 32

The overall movement of solvent molecules in a solution across a partially permeable membrane grom a dilute solution to a more concentrated one

Question 33

Root hair cell

Answer 33

A cell found on the surface of plant roots that has a large surface area to absorb water and dissolved mineral salts quickly from the soil

Question 34

Wilt

Answer 34

Drooping of parts of a plant causes by a lack of water

Question 35

Companion cell

Answer 35

A specialised cell located in the phloem tissue of plants. They pump suvrose into sieve cells

Question 36

Lignin

Answer 36

A type of polymer that is combined with cellulose in some plant cell walls to make the celks woody

Question 37

Phloem tissue

Answer 37

Living tissue formed of sieve tubes and companion cells that transport sugars and other soluble compounds arounda plant

Question 38

Potometer

Answer 38

A devise used for measuring the rate of water uptake by a plant

Question 39

Sieve tube/cell

Answer 39

Tubes formed of phloem sieve cells. The tubes carry sugars ans other soluble compounds around the plant

Question 40

Translocation

Answer 40

The transport of sugars and other soluble compounds in the phloem tissue of a plant

Question 41

Transpiration

Answer 41

The flow of water into a root, up the stem and out of the leaves

Question 42

Xylem vessel/cell

Answer 42

A long thick-walled tube found in plants formed from many dead xylem cells. The vessels carry water and dissolved mineral salts through the plant