Mendel And Inheritance Flashcards
Define genetics
Offspring get a mixture of characteristics they inherit from their parents
What is inherited variation
Variation in inherited characteristics
What is environmental variation
An organisms surroundings are known as the environment. Environmental factors can change an organisms.
What are the 2 forms of environmental factors
Non living and living
What did Gregor mendel do
He founded the science of genetics, identified rules on how traits are passed through generations of living things and realised that traits can skip generations
Define alleles
Alleles are different forms of a gene and each result in a different protein
What are mendels rules
- Each gamete receives only 1 allele for a characteristic
- The version of a gene that a ganete receives is randim and does not depend on other factors
- Some alleles are more powerful than others ans will always have an effect on the offspring
What does a dominant allele do
Control a characteristic when only present on one of your chromosome CAPITAL
What does a recessive allele do
controls the characteristic that needs to be present on both chromosomes (lower case)
What is a hererozygous
If heterozygous for a gene, you carry 2 different alleles e.g. Aa
What is homozygous
If homozygous for a gene, then you carry 2 copies of the same allele e.g. AA pr aa
What is monohybrid inheritance
Study of how alleles of just 1 gene are passed from parents to offspring
Define phenotype
The observable characteristics resulting from the genotype
Define genotype
Set of genes responsible for a particular characteristic
