Plants

Question 1

By what process do plants make sugar?

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

What do plants need exposure to for photosynthesis to happen?

Answer 2

Light

Question 3

What is sugar dissolved in?

Answer 3

Water

Question 4

What are the upper 2 layers of a leaf called?

Answer 4

-waxy cuticle
-upper epidermis

Question 5

What layer in a leaf contains chlorophyll?

Answer 5

Palisade mesophyll

Question 6

What leaf layer does gaseous exchange occur?

Answer 6

Spongy mesophyll

Question 7

How is a leaf adapted so sunlight can reach the chloroplast?

Answer 7

Waxy cuticle and epidermis are transparent

Question 8

Are these found in the centre or outer part of vascular bundles:
-xylem
-phloem

Answer 8

-xylem in the centre
-phloem in the outer part

Question 9

Why are there more stomata on the underside of a leaf?

Answer 9

Underside is less exposed which reduces water loss

Question 10

Does the phloem:
-move substances by diffusion or active transport?
-have sieve plates?
-have one or two way flow of substances?

Answer 10

-active transport
-yes it has sieve plates
-two way flow

Question 11

Give 2 reasons why rate of photosynthesis decreases during winter

Answer 11

-lower light levels
-loss of leaves

Question 12

What do xylem cells transport through a plant?

Answer 12

Water and minerals

Question 13

Give an example of a source and a sink

Answer 13

-source) green leaves, stems
-sink) new roots/shoots, developing fruits

Question 14

What do phloem cells transport through a plant?

Answer 14

Sucrose

Question 15

Name 3 plant organs

Answer 15

-root
-leaf
-stem

Question 16

What tissue covers and protects a plant’s surface?

Answer 16

Epidermal tissue

Question 17

What waterproofs a leaf’s surface?

Answer 17

Waxy cuticle

Question 18

How can a plant with a TMV resistant gene be used to produce many plants with this gene?

Answer 18

Take cells from meristem

Question 19

What do nitrates do?
-what are some deficiency symptoms?

Answer 19

Produce amino acids for protein
-stunted growth, dead leaves

Question 20

What does magnesium do?
-what are some deficiency symptoms?

Answer 20

Synthesis of chlorophyll
-chlorosis, stunted growth

Question 21

How do aphids kill plants?

Answer 21

Eat sap from new shoots

Question 22

What does potassium do?
-what are some deficiency symptoms?

Answer 22

Production of flowers and fruit
-poor growth of flowers and fruit

Question 23

What type of defence are thorns?

Answer 23

Mechanical defence

Question 24

What are 5 symptoms of plant disease?

Answer 24

-stunted growth
-discolouration
-malformed stems, leaves or roots
-decay/rotting
-visible pests

Question 25

What layer of leaf must pathogens get through to enter leaf cells?

Answer 25

Waxy cuticle

Question 26

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 26

Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

Question 27

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 27

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + O2

Question 28

Suggest 2 ways transmission of rose black spot can be prevented

Answer 28

-sterilise tools -remove infected areas

Question 29

Name all 8 plant cell organelles

Answer 29

-cell wall -cell membrane -nucleus -vacuole -cytoplasm -ribosome -mitochondria -chloroplasts

Question 30

What is the xylem made of?

Answer 30

Dead cells supported by lignin

Question 31

Name 4 factors which affect rate of transpiration

Answer 31

-wind -temperature -humidity -light intensity

Question 32

What is an adaptation of the spongy mesophyll? -what is a benefit of this?

Answer 32

Large air spaces -gases can diffuse efficiently

Question 33

What is the function of the stomata?

Answer 33

Allow gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf

Question 34

What is the function of air spaces in a leaf?

Answer 34

Allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse through

Question 35

What are guard cells and their function?

Answer 35

A pair of cells which control opening and closing of stomata

Question 36

What do palisade cells contain? -what is their function?

Answer 36

Contain chloroplasts -to absorb light for photosynthesis

Question 37

What factor affects stomata opening?

Answer 37

Light intensity

Question 38

Name 3 ways in which plants use glucose

Answer 38

-absorb mineral ions via root hair cell by active transport -for growth -reproduction -carry out cellular reactions -synthesise complex chemicals

Question 39

What are plant cell walls made of?

Answer 39

Cellulose

Question 40

Why is some glucose (made by photosynthesis) converted to starch?

Answer 40

So it won’t affect water balance in the plant cells; starch is insoluble but glucose is, if it stayed as glucose then it would dissolve and affect osmosis in and out of the plant cell and therefore water concentration

Question 41

Apart from being used in respiration, what is glucose converted to after being produced by photosynthesis?

Answer 41

Converted to starch for storage

Question 42

Name 3 uses of glucose in plants

Answer 42

-producing fat for energy storage -producing cellulose cell walls -producing complex carbohydrates -making amino acids for protein

Question 43

How is glucose used to make amino acids for protein?

Answer 43

Combining sugars for nitrate ions

Question 44

Name 4 possible causes of plant stunted growth

Answer 44

-lack of magnesium -infection by pathogen -infected by aphids -lack of available light

Question 45

How can a lack of magnesium cause stunted growth in a plant?

Answer 45

Not enough chlorophyll for photosynthesis do not enough glucose to make proteins for growth

Question 46

How can an infection by aphids cause stunted growth in a plant?

Answer 46

Glucose is removed from phloem so less protein for growth

Question 47

How can rose black spot cause stunted growth in a plant?

Answer 47

Less chlorophyll so less photosynthesis so not enough glucose to make proteins for growth

Question 48

How can a lack of available light cause stunted growth in a plant?

Answer 48

Less photosynthesis so not enough glucose to make protein for growth