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Biology Subject Test > Plants > Flashcards

Plants Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Are plants heterotrophic or autotrophic?

A

AUTOTROPHIC!!!

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2
Q

What are cell walls made out of?

A

Plants: Cellulose

Fungi: Chitin

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3
Q

What do plants store carbs as?

A

Starcg

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4
Q

Bryophytes

A

Lack vascular tissue

Moist environments only because have to absorb water

Tiny

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5
Q

Examples of bryophytes

A

Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

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6
Q

Tracheophytes

A

Vascular tissue

Seedless plants and seed plants

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7
Q

What are tracheophytes divided into?

A

Seedbearing ones are divided into:

Gymnosperms and angiosperms

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8
Q

Gymnosperms

A

Conifers

Have cones that seeds are formed on

Evergreens

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9
Q

Angiosperms

A

Flowering plants

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10
Q

What are angiosperms subdivided into?

A

Monocots and dicots

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11
Q

Example of Monocots

A

Grasses, wheat, corn, oats, rice and other typical food

Also palm trees

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12
Q

Examples of dicots

A

Oak, walnut, and cherry trees

Daises, roses, carrots

Most flowering plants and trees

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13
Q

Cutin

A

waxy coating on leaves

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14
Q

Meristem tissue

A

constantly divides

lets plants keep growing

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15
Q

Primary growth

A

plants vertical growth

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16
Q

Zone of cell division

A

part of primary growth

the part of a root tip where mitosis is occurring

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17
Q

Zone of elongation

A

Cells elongate and push the root further down into the soil

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18
Q

Zone of differentiation

A

cells start to specialize

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19
Q

Secondary growth

A

lateral growth

increase in girth

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20
Q

Epidermis

A

Covers the entire surface of the root

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21
Q

Cortex

A

Primarily for storage

Parenchyma cells for storage

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22
Q

Stele

A

Transport

consists of vascular tissues

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23
Q

Endoderm

A

wrapped tightly with the Casparian strip

selects what minerals enter the vascular system

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24
Q

Rhizobium

A

Symbiotic bacterium that lives in the nodules on roots of specific legumes

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25
Taproot
Single, large root that gives rise to lateral branch roots
26
Adventitious roots
Roots that rise above ground
27
Two types of adventitious roots
Aerial roots Prop roots
28
Aerial roots
Trees that grow in swamps have aerial roots stick out of the water
29
Prop roots
Grow aboveground Ex: corn
30
Function of the stem
support
31
Difference in stems of dicots and monocots
Dicots have a center pith and vascular tissue runs around the center Monocots have randomly assorted vascular bundles
32
Function of the leaf
Maximize sugar production while minimizing water loss
33
Stomates
Open to allow photosynthesis to take place, but have to close to avoid major water loss
34
What would happen if stomates were open all the time?
Transpiration Loss of water from the leaf
35
Guard cells
Control the opening and closing of the stomates in response to changes in water pressure
36
Turgid
cell has a lot of water cell wall bends stomates open
37
Flaccid
cell lacks water stomate closes
38
Dermal tissue
Outer protective covering of plants and usually consists of a single layer of epidermal cells do not photosynthesize
39
Tichomes
spikelike projections that protect the leaf
40
Vascular tissue
transports water and nutrients up and down the plant
41
Two types of vascular tissue
Xylem Phloem
42
Ground tissue
makes up all the other tissue besides vascular and dermal
43
Three cells of ground tissue
Parenchyma: traditional plant cell Collenchyma: thick primary cell wall, but no secondary cell wall Sclerenchyma: thick primary and cell walls (husky)
44
Xylem
carries WATER and nutrients up the plant has tracheids and vessel elements does not use energy to transport
45
How does xylem transport?
No energy Uses transpirational pull and cohesion tension
46
How does transpirational pull and cohesion tension work?
For each water molecule that evaporates cause of transpirational pull Another is replaced by cohesion tension
47
Phloem
carries SUGAR up the plant uses translocation which requires energy
48
Vegetative propagation
Asexual reproduction
49
Petals
Brightly colored, modified leaves found just inside the circle of sepals attract animals that will pollinate the plant
50
Sepals
outermost circle of leaves enclose the bud before it opens
51
Pistils or carpels
female part of the flower produce female gametophytes (ova)
52
Ovary
swollen part of pistil that contains the female gametophytes (ova)
53
Ovule
actually inside the ovary where the ova is truly produced
54
Style
thin stalk of the pistil bottleneck up the center of the plant
55
Stigma
rectangle ontop of the style pollen lands here
56
Stamen
male part of the flower consists of anther and fliament
57
Anther
ontop of the filament where sperm is produced
58
Filament
threadlike structure that supports the anther
59
How does sexual reproduction start?
Pollination: one pollen grain lands on the stigma Then, sperm travel down into the ovary
60
Endosperm
food for the growing embryo (fruit)
61
What do the ovule and ovary become?
Ovule: becomes the seed Ovary: becomes the fruit
62
Hypocotyl
part of the seed that becomes the lower part of the stem and the roots
63
Epicotyl
part of the seed that becomes the upper part of the stem
64
Cotyledon vs. endosperm
Cotyledon: food source for seed in dicots Endosperm: food source for seed in monocots
65
Gametophyte
haploid (n) fuse to produce 2n zygotes
66
Sporophyte
diploid produces haploid cells
67
Are mosses primarily haploid or diploid?
Haploid Gametophyte
68
Are ferns primarily haploid of diploid?
Diploid Sporophyte only by a little
69
Are flowering plants (angiosperms) haploid or diploid?
diploid sporophyte
70
Auxin
hormone enhance apical dominance (growing upwards) used as a weed killer, pesticide, and lots of other farming things
71
Cytokinins
Stimulate cytokinesis and cell division
72
Gibberellins
promote stem and leaf elongation induce bolting (rapid growth)
73
Abscisic acid
inhibits growth and promotes seed dormancy
74
Ethylene
gas promotes ripening
75
Tropisms
growth of a plant away from or towards a stimulus Caused by an unequal distribution of auxins

Biology Subject Test (6 decks)

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