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Biology Subject Test > Plants > Flashcards

Plants Flashcards

1
Q

Are plants heterotrophic or autotrophic?

A

AUTOTROPHIC!!!

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2
Q

What are cell walls made out of?

A

Plants: Cellulose

Fungi: Chitin

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3
Q

What do plants store carbs as?

A

Starcg

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4
Q

Bryophytes

A

Lack vascular tissue

Moist environments only because have to absorb water

Tiny

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5
Q

Examples of bryophytes

A

Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

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6
Q

Tracheophytes

A

Vascular tissue

Seedless plants and seed plants

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7
Q

What are tracheophytes divided into?

A

Seedbearing ones are divided into:

Gymnosperms and angiosperms

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8
Q

Gymnosperms

A

Conifers

Have cones that seeds are formed on

Evergreens

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9
Q

Angiosperms

A

Flowering plants

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10
Q

What are angiosperms subdivided into?

A

Monocots and dicots

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11
Q

Example of Monocots

A

Grasses, wheat, corn, oats, rice and other typical food

Also palm trees

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12
Q

Examples of dicots

A

Oak, walnut, and cherry trees

Daises, roses, carrots

Most flowering plants and trees

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13
Q

Cutin

A

waxy coating on leaves

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14
Q

Meristem tissue

A

constantly divides

lets plants keep growing

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15
Q

Primary growth

A

plants vertical growth

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16
Q

Zone of cell division

A

part of primary growth

the part of a root tip where mitosis is occurring

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17
Q

Zone of elongation

A

Cells elongate and push the root further down into the soil

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18
Q

Zone of differentiation

A

cells start to specialize

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19
Q

Secondary growth

A

lateral growth

increase in girth

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20
Q

Epidermis

A

Covers the entire surface of the root

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21
Q

Cortex

A

Primarily for storage

Parenchyma cells for storage

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22
Q

Stele

A

Transport

consists of vascular tissues

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23
Q

Endoderm

A

wrapped tightly with the Casparian strip

selects what minerals enter the vascular system

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24
Q

Rhizobium

A

Symbiotic bacterium that lives in the nodules on roots of specific legumes

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25
Q

Taproot

A

Single, large root that gives rise to lateral branch roots

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26
Q

Adventitious roots

A

Roots that rise above ground

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27
Q

Two types of adventitious roots

A

Aerial roots

Prop roots

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28
Q

Aerial roots

A

Trees that grow in swamps have aerial roots

stick out of the water

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29
Q

Prop roots

A

Grow aboveground

Ex: corn

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30
Q

Function of the stem

A

support

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31
Q

Difference in stems of dicots and monocots

A

Dicots have a center pith and vascular tissue runs around the center

Monocots have randomly assorted vascular bundles

32
Q

Function of the leaf

A

Maximize sugar production while minimizing water loss

33
Q

Stomates

A

Open to allow photosynthesis to take place, but have to close to avoid major water loss

34
Q

What would happen if stomates were open all the time?

A

Transpiration

Loss of water from the leaf

35
Q

Guard cells

A

Control the opening and closing of the stomates in response to changes in water pressure

36
Q

Turgid

A

cell has a lot of water

cell wall bends

stomates open

37
Q

Flaccid

A

cell lacks water

stomate closes

38
Q

Dermal tissue

A

Outer protective covering of plants and usually consists of a single layer of epidermal cells

do not photosynthesize

39
Q

Tichomes

A

spikelike projections that protect the leaf

40
Q

Vascular tissue

A

transports water and nutrients up and down the plant

41
Q

Two types of vascular tissue

A

Xylem

Phloem

42
Q

Ground tissue

A

makes up all the other tissue besides vascular and dermal

43
Q

Three cells of ground tissue

A

Parenchyma: traditional plant cell

Collenchyma: thick primary cell wall, but no secondary cell wall

Sclerenchyma: thick primary and cell walls (husky)

44
Q

Xylem

A

carries WATER and nutrients up the plant

has tracheids and vessel elements

does not use energy to transport

45
Q

How does xylem transport?

A

No energy

Uses transpirational pull and cohesion tension

46
Q

How does transpirational pull and cohesion tension work?

A

For each water molecule that evaporates cause of transpirational pull

Another is replaced by cohesion tension

47
Q

Phloem

A

carries SUGAR up the plant

uses translocation which requires energy

48
Q

Vegetative propagation

A

Asexual reproduction

49
Q

Petals

A

Brightly colored, modified leaves found just inside the circle of sepals

attract animals that will pollinate the plant

50
Q

Sepals

A

outermost circle of leaves

enclose the bud before it opens

51
Q

Pistils or carpels

A

female part of the flower

produce female gametophytes (ova)

52
Q

Ovary

A

swollen part of pistil that contains the female gametophytes (ova)

53
Q

Ovule

A

actually inside the ovary where the ova is truly produced

54
Q

Style

A

thin stalk of the pistil

bottleneck up the center of the plant

55
Q

Stigma

A

rectangle ontop of the style

pollen lands here

56
Q

Stamen

A

male part of the flower

consists of anther and fliament

57
Q

Anther

A

ontop of the filament

where sperm is produced

58
Q

Filament

A

threadlike structure that supports the anther

59
Q

How does sexual reproduction start?

A

Pollination: one pollen grain lands on the stigma

Then, sperm travel down into the ovary

60
Q

Endosperm

A

food for the growing embryo (fruit)

61
Q

What do the ovule and ovary become?

A

Ovule: becomes the seed

Ovary: becomes the fruit

62
Q

Hypocotyl

A

part of the seed that becomes the lower part of the stem and the roots

63
Q

Epicotyl

A

part of the seed that becomes the upper part of the stem

64
Q

Cotyledon vs. endosperm

A

Cotyledon: food source for seed in dicots

Endosperm: food source for seed in monocots

65
Q

Gametophyte

A

haploid (n)

fuse to produce 2n zygotes

66
Q

Sporophyte

A

diploid

produces haploid cells

67
Q

Are mosses primarily haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid

Gametophyte

68
Q

Are ferns primarily haploid of diploid?

A

Diploid

Sporophyte

only by a little

69
Q

Are flowering plants (angiosperms) haploid or diploid?

A

diploid

sporophyte

70
Q

Auxin

A

hormone

enhance apical dominance (growing upwards)

used as a weed killer, pesticide, and lots of other farming things

71
Q

Cytokinins

A

Stimulate cytokinesis and cell division

72
Q

Gibberellins

A

promote stem and leaf elongation

induce bolting (rapid growth)

73
Q

Abscisic acid

A

inhibits growth and promotes seed dormancy

74
Q

Ethylene

A

gas

promotes ripening

75
Q

Tropisms

A

growth of a plant away from or towards a stimulus

Caused by an unequal distribution of auxins

Biology Subject Test (6 decks)

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