Plastics Flashcards
(74 cards)
1
Q
What are the three states of fluids and solids?
A
Viscous, Visco-elastic, Elastic
2
Q
What are the three Polymer Synthesis methods?
A
Polymerization, Polycondensation, and Polyaddition
3
Q
What are the three types of polymerization?
A
Radical, Ionic, Coordinative
4
Q
What are some examples of polymers formed by polymerization?
A
- Polyvinyl Chloride
- Polyethylene
- Polystyrene
5
Q
What is polycondensation?
A
Monomers with functional groups react to form polymer.
6
Q
What is polyaddition?
A
Two different monomers react to form a polymer
7
Q
What are the three main categories of plastics?
A
- Thermoplastics
- Elastomers
- Thermosets
8
Q
What are the three types of copolymers?
A
- Alternating copolymer
- Statistical copolymer
- Block copolymer
- Graft copolymer
9
Q
What are the steps for the recycling of thermoplastics?
A
- Shredding
- Washing
- Drying
- Melting
10
Q
What are some properties of thermosets? (7)
A
- Few plastics are thermosets
- Cross-linked polymer with 3-D network structure
- Covalent bonds linking the chains
- Stiff and brittle
- Temperature resistant
- Non-meltable
- Heat loosens bonds
11
Q
What are the typical components of thermosets?
A
- Resin
- Curing Agent
- Accelerator
- Hardener
12
Q
What are the production categories of plastics?(3)
A
- High-performance Plastics
- Technical Plastics
- Mass Plastics
13
Q
What are some important plastics?
A
- Phenolic resin
- Epoxy resin
- Unsaturated polyester
resin - Polyimides
14
Q
What are the three types of curing for plastics?
A
- Warm Curing
- Cold Curing
- Light Curing
15
Q
Is curing endothermic or exothermic?
A
Exothermic
16
Q
How do viscosity and temperature vary with time during curing?
A
Temperature increases then decreases
Viscosity decreases then increases
17
Q
What is gel point?
A
Point after which resin can no longer be processed
18
Q
What is degree of cure?
A
The percentage of resin that has cured.
19
Q
What are the main characteristics of thermosets?(7)
A
- Undergo curing
- Low strain to failure
- Low fracture energy
- Irreversible processing
- Very low viscosity
- Absorb moisture
- Resistant to solvents
20
Q
What are the advantages of thermosets? (6)
A
- Low processing temperature
- Good compression properties
- Resistant to creep
- Good fatigue properties
- Formable into complex shapes
- Highly resistant to solvents
21
Q
What are the disadvantages of thermosets? (6)
A
- Long processing time
- Long cure
- Low ductility
- Low fracture toughness
- Low impact resistance
- Absorb moisture
22
Q
What are some examples of epoxy resins?(3)
A
- Araldite
- UHU
- EPON
23
Q
What are some properties of epoxy resins?
A
- Weather resistant
- Good insulating
properties - Low shrinkage
24
Q
What are some examples of phenolic resins? (3)
A
- Bakelit
- Korex
- Vyntec
25
What are some properties of phenolic resins? (3)
- Very high stiffness compared to other polymers
- Low creep deformation
- Good fire properties
26
What are some properties of unsaturated polyester resins?
- High to very high stiffness and hardness
- Unresistant to permanent influence of hot water
- Yellow under sunlight, but weather resistant
27
What are some examples of polyamides? (3)
- Pl-film
- Pl-semi-finished product
- PMBI
28
What are some properties of polyamides? (4)
- High strength and stiffness
- Self extinguishing
- Used as both thermoplastics and thermosets
- Very good wear and sliding behavior
29
What are some basic properties of thermoplastics? (5)
1. Absorb little moisture
2. Limited resistance to
organic solvents
3. High strain to failure
4. Reversible processing
5. No curing required
30
What are the three classifications of thermoplastics?
- Standard Plastics
- Engineering Plastics
- High-performance
plastics
31
What does morphology mean?
Order/arrangement of a polymer structure.
32
What two morphologies exist in thermoplastics?
- Amorphous
- Semi-crystalline
33
What is the synthesis process for polyethene?
Radical or catalytic chain-growth polymerization.
34
What are the three types of polyethene?
- PE-HD
- PE-LD
- PE-LLD
35
What is polyethene resistant to? (5)
- Acids
- Bases
- Polar organic liquids
- Oils
- Fats
36
What is polyethene not resistant to? (3)
- Hydrocarbons
- Chlorinated
hydrocarbons
- Oxidizing agents
37
How is PE-LD processed?
Extrusion
38
How is PE-HD processed?
Injection/Blow molding
39
How is poly propylene synthesised?
Catalytic chain-growth polymerization
40
How is polypropylene processed? (4)
- Injection Molding
- Extrusion
- Compression Molding
- Calendering
41
What is polypropylene not resistant to?
Strong oxidizing agents
42
How is PVC synthesised?
Radical polymerization of vinyl chloride in the liquid phase under pressure.
43
How is PVC differentiated by polymerization process? (3)
1. PVC-E: Emulsion
2. PVC-S: Suspension
3. PVC-M: Mass
44
How is PVC differentiated by properties?(2)
PVC-U: Unplasticized, rigid
PVC-P: Plasticized, soft
45
How is PVC-U processed? (6)
- Extrusion
- Calendaring
- Injection Molding
- Blow Molding
- Sintering
- Compression Molding
46
What is PVC-U resistant to? (5)
- Acids
- Bases
- Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
- Oils
- Fats and Alcohols
47
What is PVC-U not resistant to? (3)
- Aromatic and Chlorinated hydrocarbons
- Ketones
- Esters
48
How is PVC-P processed?(6)
- Extrusion
- Calendaring
- Injection Molding
- Film Blowing
- Blow Molding
- Compression Molding
49
What is PVC-P resistant to? (3)
- Diluted acid/base
- Salt solutions
- Cleaning Agents
50
What is PVC-P not resistant to? (1)
All organic fluids
51
How is polystyrene synthesised?
Radical chain polymerization
52
What are the three types of polystyrene?
atactic, isotactic, and synotactic
53
How is polystyrene processed?
(Injection molding, extrusion, thermo forming, injection blow molding)
54
What is polystyrene resistant to? (5)
Bases, acids, alcohols, fats, oils
55
What is polystyrene not resistant to?
Hydrocarbons, halogen hydrocarbons, esters, ketones
56
How is polymethyl methacrylate synthesised?
Chain Polymerization
57
How is polymethyl methacrylate processed? (3)
- Extrusion
- Injection Molding
- Thermo forming
58
What is Polymethyl methacrylate resistant to? (2)
- Light acids and bases
- Non-polar solvents
59
What is Polymethyl methacrylate not resistant to? (1)
Polar solvents
60
How is polycarbonate synthesized?
Polycondensation
61
How is Polycarbonate processed?
- Injection molding
- Extrusion
- Blow molding
- Thermoforming
62
What is polycarbonate resistant to? (4)
- Diluted acids
- Fuel
- Oils
- Ethanol
63
What is polycarbonate not resistant to? (5)
- bases
- concentrated acids
- ketones
- esters
- aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons
64
How is polyamide synthesized?
Polycondensation
65
How is polyamide processed?
Injection molding
66
What are some examples of nitrogenous thermoplastics? (3)
- Polyurethane
- Polyamide
- Polyacrylonitrile
67
How is polytetrafluoroethylene synthesized?
Chain polymerization
68
What is another name for polytetraflouroethylene?
Teflon
69
What is PAEK?
Polyaryletherketone
70
What is PEEK?
Polyether ether ketone
71
What are some processes for primary shaping of Plastics?(7)
1. Extrusion
2. Injection Molding
3. Blow Molding
4. Compression Molding
5. Calendaring
6. Spinning
7. Casting
72
What are some methods used for forming of plastics? (1)
Thermo-forming
73
Why are thermoplastics used in aerospace? (7)
1. Non-reacting
2. Rapid processing
3. High ductility
4. High fracture toughness
5. High impact resistance
6. Absorb little moisture
7. Can be recycled
74
What are some disadvantages of thermoplastics in aerospace? (4)
- High viscosity
- High processing
temperature
- Poor creep resistance
- High processing pressure
