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Materials Exam Upload > Manageable Upload > Flashcards

Manageable Upload Flashcards

1
Q

What is toughness?

A

The ability of material to absorb energy without fracturing. Area under stress-strain graph.

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2
Q

What is stiffness?

A

Higher elastic modulus.

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3
Q

What is ultimate tensile strength?

A

Maximum stress.

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4
Q

What are the three types of lattice structures?

A

FCC, BCC, HCP

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5
Q

Rate lattice structures in terms of atomic packing factor.

A

HCP=FCC>BCC

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6
Q

What are the 0-dimensional defects?

A

Point defects

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7
Q

What are the 1-dimensional defects?

A

linear defects, dislocations

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8
Q

What are the 2-dimensional defects?

A

Interfacial defects, stacking faults, grain boundaries

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9
Q

What are the 3-dimensional defects?

A

Precipitates, Impurities, Voids

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10
Q

What are dislocations?

A

Dislocations are line defects in metals and ceramics. They are generated by deforming a crystalline
material.

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11
Q

What is ductility?

A

Ductility is the ability to undergo substantial plastic deformation before failure.

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12
Q

Rate the lattice structures in terms of ductility.

A

FCC > BCC > HCP

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13
Q

What are the three strengthening mechanisms for metals and ceramics?

A
  • Solid Solution Strengthening
  • Grain Size Reduction
  • Strain Hardening
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14
Q

How do strengthening mechanisms strengthen a material?

A

They hinder the movement of dislocations.

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15
Q

What is solid solution strengthening?

A

Foreign atoms dissolved in material.

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16
Q

What is grain size rediction?

A

Increasing number of grain boundaries.

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17
Q

What is strain hardening?

A

Introducing new dislocations.

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18
Q

What is a single crystal?

A

Perfect periodic arrangement of atoms throughout specimen with same orientation.

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19
Q

What is a polycrystalline material?

A

Many crystals separated by grain boundaries.

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20
Q

What are the advantages of larger grain size? (3)

A
  • Higher melting temperature
  • Higher elastic modulus
  • Higher creep resistance
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21
Q

What are advantages of smaller grain size? (2)

A
  • Higher creep
  • Better toughness and strength
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22
Q

What is a phase diagram?

A

Phase diagrams in metals represent the physical states (microstructure) and transformation as a function of its alloy and temperature.

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23
Q

Draw the Iron-Iron Carbide Phase Diagram.

A

check with lecture

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24
Q

What carbon content defines iron?

A

C < 0.008%

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25
Q

What carbon content defines steel?

A

0.009% < C < 2.14%

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26
Q

What carbon content defines cast iron?

A

2.14% < C < 6.7%

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27
Q

Draw 0% - 2% Iron-Iron Carbide diagram

A

Check with lecture.

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28
Q

What is pearlite?

A

Alternating layers of ferrite and cementite.

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29
Q

What is the process for heat treatment?

A

Heat, hold, cool

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30
Q

Why is heat treatment performed?

A

To improve desired qualities such as strength, toughness, hardness, and ductility

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31
Q

Fill out the annealing areas in the iron-carbide diagram!

A

Check with lecture

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32
Q

What is hardening?

A

Very fast cooling up to quench for non-equilibrium microstructure.

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33
Q

What is annealing?

A

Slow cooling rates for fully diffused equilibrium maintaining microstructure.

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34
Q

What are the most common alloying elements for steel? (8)

A
  • Carbon
  • Silicon
  • Manganese
  • Phosphorous
  • Sulfur
  • Chromium
  • Nickel
  • Molybdenum
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35
Q

What Carbon content does low carbon steel have?

A

< 0.25%

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36
Q

What Carbon content does medium carbon steel have?

A

0.25% < C < 0.6%

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37
Q

What Carbon content does high-carbon steel have?

A

0.6% < C < 1.4%

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38
Q

What is Stainless steel?

A

Steel with atleast 11% Chromium content.

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39
Q

What is a quality of Stainless Steel?

A

Resistant to corrosion in a variety of environments.

40
Q

What are the four types of plastics?

A

Elastomers, Amorphous Thermoplastics, Semi-Crystalline Thermoplastics, Thermosets

41
Q

What are the four types of copolymers?

A

Alternating, statistical, block, and graft.

42
Q

Draw the structure of the four plastic types.

A

Check with lecture

43
Q

Draw the shear modulus-temperature graph for the four plastic types.

A

Check with lecture.

44
Q

Draw tensile strength-youngs modulus graph comparing plastics with other materials.

A

Check with lecture.

45
Q

What are the three methods of polymer syntheses?

A
  • Polymerization
  • Polycondensation
  • Polyaddition
46
Q

What are the three types of polymerization?

A

Radical, Ionic, Coordinative

47
Q

What are some examples of polymers formed by polymerization?

A
  • Polyvinyl Chloride
  • Polyethylene
  • Polystyrene
48
Q

What are some properties of thermosets? (7)

A
  1. Few plastics are thermosets
  2. Cross-linked polymer with 3-D network structure
  3. Covalent bonds linking the chains
  4. Stiff and brittle
  5. Temperature resistant
  6. Non-meltable
  7. Heat loosens bonds
49
Q

What are the typical components of thermosets?

A
  1. Resin
  2. Curing Agent
  3. Accelerator
  4. Hardener
50
Q

What are the advantages of thermosets? (6)

A
  1. Low processing temperature
  2. Good compression properties
  3. Resistant to creep
  4. Good fatigue properties
  5. Formable into complex shapes
  6. Highly resistant to solvents
51
Q

What are the disadvantages of thermosets? (6)

A
  1. Long processing time
  2. Long cure
  3. Low ductility
  4. Low fracture toughness
  5. Low impact resistance
  6. Absorb moisture
52
Q

How do thermosets behave differently at their decomposition temperature?

A

They don’t melt, they decompose because of their close-meshed network.

53
Q

What kind of molecules are needed to create thermosets?

A
  • Molecules with at least three cross linking possibilities
  • Molecules with three or more functional bondings
54
Q

What are three high performance thermosets?

A
  1. Poly Methacryl Imide (PMI)
  2. Bismaleimides (BI)
  3. Polyimides (PI)
55
Q

What are three technical thermosets?

A
  1. Epoxy Resins (EP)
  2. Phenolic Resins (PR)
  3. Silicone Resins (SI)
56
Q

What are four mass plastics?

A
  1. Urea Resin (UR)
  2. Vinyl Ester Resin (VE)
  3. Polyurethan (PUR)
  4. Melamine Resin (MF)
57
Q

What are some processes for thermoset part production? (8)

A
  1. Hand lay-up
  2. Fiber resin spraying
  3. Braiding
  4. Vacuum bag process
  5. Autoclave process
  6. Winding process
  7. Pultrusion
  8. Resin Transfer Molding (RTM)
58
Q

What are the three processes for semi-finished thermoset part production?

A
  1. Prepregs
  2. SMC
  3. BMC
59
Q

Why cant thermosets be recycled?

A

They cannot be melted.

60
Q

Draw cold curing diagram for thermosets.

A

Check with lecture.

61
Q

Draw TTT-Diagram for thermosets.

A

Check with lecture.

62
Q

What are the three types of curing for thermosets?

A

Warm, cold, light.

63
Q

What two curing types require an accelerator?

A

Cold and light curing.

64
Q

Name five standard thermoplastics.

A
  1. Polyethylene (PE)
  2. Polypropylene (PP)
  3. Polystyrene (PS)
  4. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
  5. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
65
Q

Name six engineering thermoplastics.

A
  1. Polyoxymethylene (POM)
  2. Polyamide (PA)
  3. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
  4. Polyurethane (PUR)
  5. Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
66
Q

Name four high performance thermoplastics.

A
  1. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)
  2. Polyether sulfone (PES)
  3. Polyimide (PI)
  4. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
67
Q

What are two types of thermoplastics?

A

Amorphous and semi-crystalline.

68
Q

What are the three types of polyethylene?

A
  1. PE-HD
  2. PE-LD
  3. PE-LLD
69
Q

What are the three types of polystyrene?

A

Isotactic, atactic, sinotactic

70
Q

What are the manufacturing processes for primary shaping of thermoplastics? (7)

A
  1. Extrusion
  2. Injection Molding
  3. Blow Molding
  4. Compression Molding
  5. Calendaring
  6. Spinning
  7. Casting
71
Q

What is the forming process for thermoplastics?

A

Thermoforming.

72
Q

What are the five thermoplastics used in aerospace?

A
  1. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)
  2. Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)
  3. Polysulfone (PSU)
  4. Polyetherimide (PEI)
  5. Polycarbonate
73
Q

What are some disadvantages of thermoplastics in aerospace? (4)

A
  • High viscosity
  • High processing
    temperature
  • Poor creep resistance
  • High processing pressure
74
Q

Why are thermoplastics used in aerospace? (7)

A
  1. Non-reacting
  2. Rapid processing
  3. High ductility
  4. High fracture toughness
  5. High impact resistance
  6. Absorb little moisture
  7. Can be recycled
75
Q

What is the main purpose of thermoplastics in aerospace?

A

As structural adhesive.

76
Q

What are the types of casting?

A
  • Sand Casting
  • Investment Casting
  • Lost Foam Casting
  • Mold Casting
  • Die Casting
77
Q

What are the Casting defects?

A
  • Cavities
  • Cold Shuts
  • Warpage
  • Stress Cracks
  • Undersize
  • Inclusions
  • Gas Porosity
78
Q

What are some methods for primary shaping of polymers?

A
  • Extrusion
  • Injection Molding
  • Reinforced Polymers
79
Q

What are some forging methods?

A
  • Open die forging
  • Impression die forging
  • Flashless forging
  • Closed die impression
  • Coining
  • Press and Hammer
80
Q

What are the types of rolling?

A
  • Longitudinal
  • Traverse
  • Pierce
  • Flat
  • Profile
  • Thread
81
Q

What are the types of sheet bending?

A
  • V- die
  • Wiping die
  • U-die
  • Tube bending
82
Q

What are some tube bending defects?

A
  • Flattening
  • Wrinkling
  • Outer wall thinning
  • Springback
83
Q

What are some deep drawing defects?

A

Flange wrinkeling
- Wall wrinkeling
- Tearing
- Earing
- Surface scratchers

84
Q

What are some sheet forming processes?

A
  • Deep Drawing
  • Stretch Forming
  • Spinning
  • Shot peen forming
85
Q

What are some forming processes for plastics and composites?

A
  • Vaccum forming
  • Diaphram forming
  • Thermoforming
  • Blow molding
86
Q

What are the three means of joining?

A
  • Form closure
  • Force closure
  • Material closure
87
Q

What are some exaples of joining by force closure?

A

Notching
Folding
Clinching
Wrapping
Tube reduction
Folding
Lock forming
Crimping
Wrapping

88
Q

What are the types of turning?

A
  • Facing
  • Chamfering
  • Threading
  • Roll turning
  • Contour turning
  • Form turning
89
Q

What are the types of drilling?

A
  • Rotary
  • Spot face
  • Tapping
  • Profiling
  • Form
  • Deep hole
90
Q

What are the types of milling?

A
  • Face
  • Circular
  • Spiral
  • Roll
  • Profile
  • Form
91
Q

What are the types of cleaning?

A
  • Wet
  • Blast
  • Mechanical
  • Thermal
  • Special
92
Q

What are some wet cleaning processes?

A
  1. Splash cleaning
  2. Ultrasonic cleaning
93
Q

What is a blast cleaning processes ?

A
  1. Snow-Jet cleaning
94
Q

What is a mechanical cleaning process?

A

Brushing

95
Q

What is a thermal cleaning process?

A

Laser beam cleaning

96
Q

What is a special cleaning process?

A

Plasma cleaning

Materials Exam Upload (4 decks)

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