Fundamentals of Material Science Flashcards
(59 cards)
What is a material?
A solid substance used in the manufacture of a technical product.
What are some things that are not included in the category of materials?
Coolants, operating fluids, soldering agents, technical gases, paints, anti-corrosion
What are some of the things material science is responsible for?
Manufacturing, Materials Applications, Characterization and Testing, Materials Production, Standards and Nomenclature.
What are some aspects of material selection.
- Suitable for Loads
- Functionality
- Manufacturing,
- Environmentally
Compatible - Cost Appropriate
- Certification
What is a process and a process chain?
A process is a step to create or modify a material.
A process chain is several processes in a row.
What are the three high level classifications of materials?
- Metals and Alloys
- Plastics
- Ceramics and Glass
What are the four main categories of material properties?
- Physical Properties
- Mechanical Properties
- Chemical Properties
- Processing Properties
Give examples of physical properties (7)
- Density
- Thermal Expansion
- Magnetic Properties
- Thermal Conductivity
- Electrical Properties
- Thermal Capacity
- Optical and
Electromagnetic
Give examples of chemical properties (4)
- Corrosion
- Resistance to other
substances - Flammability
- Hydrogen Embrittlement
Give examples of mechanical properties (6)
- Strength
- Toughness and Ductility
- Wear and Fatigue
Behavior - Stiffness
- Hardness
- Tribology and Friction
Values
Give examples of processing properties (6)
- Castability
- Weldability
- Formability
- Viscosity
- Chipability
- Permeability
What are some advantages (7) and disadvantages (4) of metals and alloys?
Advantages:
- High Toughness
- High Stiffness
- High Strength
- Good Wear Resistance
- Good Conductivity
- Easy for Design
- Versatile Processability
Disadvantages:
- High Density
- Sensitive to Corrosion
- Sensitive to Chemical
Exposure
- Low Damping and Shock
Absorption
What are some advantages (6) and disadvantages (6) of plastics?
Advantages:
- Low Density
- Flexible
- Corrosion Resistant
- Electrically Insulating
- High Design Freedom
- Capable for Mass
Production
Disadvantages:
- Low Strength
- Low Stiffness
- Sensitive to Temperature
- Flammable
- Low Thermal
Conductivity
- High Thermal Expansion
What are some advantages (7) and disadvantages (3) of Ceramics and Glass?
Advantages:
- High Wear Resistance
- Low Thermal Expansion
- Heat Resistant
- Corrosion Resistant
- Electrically Insulating
- High Design Freedom
- Good Tribological
Properties
Disadvantages:
- Low Toughness
- Hard to Process
- Challenging to Design
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is atomic weight?
Ratio of average mass of atom w.r.t 1/12 of Carbon-12 atom.
What are the Bohr and Wave-Mechanical Atom Models?
The Bohr model represents atoms as a nucleus with electrons in simple orbit.
The wave-mechanical model represents the electrons as having energy levels, and orbitals.
What is the principal quantum number?
The shell number.
What are the shell designations? How many electrons does each have?
K(2), L(8), M(18), N(32)
Name all the subshells and the number of electrons per subshell.
s(2), p(6), d(10), f(14)
What is electronegativity?
The attraction of the atomic nucleus to an additional electron.
What is the trend of electronegativity in the periodic table?
Increases from left to right and from bottom to top. Florine has the highest electronegativity.
What are 4 important types of bonds?
- Ionic
- Covalent
- Metallic
- Van der Walls
What is the sphere spring model?
A model that idealizes atoms as having a spring between them.
