Flashcards in Plate Tectonics 4.4 Deck (19)
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Deformation
The process by which the shape of a rock changes because of stress
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Compression
Stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object
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Tension
Stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object
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Folding
The bending of rock layers due to stress
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Three kinds of folds
Anticlines, synclines, monoclines
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Anticline
Up arching fold
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Syncline
Downward fold
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Monocline
Rock layers folded so that both ends of the fold are horizontal.
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Fault
A break in a body of rock along which one slides relative to another
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Two sides of a fault
Hanging wall and footwall
\ \
^f ^h
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Normal fault
Causes hanging wall to move down relative to the footwall. Normally occur when tectonic forces cause tension that pulls the rocks apart.
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Reverse fault
Causes the hanging wall to move up relative to the footwall. Usually happen when tectonic forces cause compression that pushes rocks together.
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Strike-slip faults
Form when opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally.
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Folded mountains
Form when rock layers are squeezed together and pushed upwards. (Compression)
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Fault block mountains
Form when tension causes large blocks of earths crust to drop down relative to the other blocks
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Volcanic mountains
Forms when oceanic crust sinks in to the asthenosphere at subduction zones and is formed from magma that rose through the surface.
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Uplift
The rising of regions of earths crust
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Subsidence
The sinking of regions of earths crust to lower elevations
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