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Hema 2 > Platelets and Primary Hemostasis > Flashcards

Platelets and Primary Hemostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

Important in helping diagnose bleeding disorders.

A

Platelets counts

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2
Q

Platelets function primarily in _________ and ___________.

A

hemostasis and maintaining capillary integrity

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3
Q

Normal range of platelet count

A

150,000/uL - 450,000/uL or 150 - 450x10^3/mm^3

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4
Q

Size of platelets

A

1-4 um (2-4 um)

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5
Q

True or False. Platelets have nucleus.

A

False

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6
Q

Cytoplasm of plalets

A

granular and light blue to purple

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7
Q

Part of the platelet that is granular and located centrally.

A

Chromomere

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8
Q

Part of the platelet that surrounds th chromomere, nongranular adn clear to light blue.

A

Hyalomere

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9
Q

Increased platelet count

A

Thrombocytosis

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10
Q

These are found in thrombocytosis (PICA)

A

Polycythemia vera
Idiopathic thrombocythemia
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
After splenectomy

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11
Q

Decreased count.

A

Thrombocytopenia

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12
Q

Thrombocytopenia occurs in (TAG Pea Fo)

A

Thrombocytopenic purpura
Aplastic anemia
Gaucher’s Disease
Pernicious anemia
Following chemotherapy and radtion therapy

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13
Q

Whole blood is diluted using

A

Either 1% ammonium oxalate or
Rees-Ecker fluid (3.8g of sodium citrate, 0.2 mL of 40% formaldehyde, 0.1g of brillant cresyl blue in 100 mL aqueous solution)

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14
Q

Dilution

A

1:100

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15
Q

Formula for cell count

A

Cell count/mm3=
Ave cell counted x DF/ Area x depth

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16
Q

Platelets should be examined on an area where

A

RBCs barely touch

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17
Q

How many oil immersion fields are to be counted?

A

10

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18
Q

Measures ability of platelet to arrest bleeding

A

Bleeding time

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19
Q

Assess platelet number and function (primary hemostasis)

A

Bleeding time

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20
Q

Method of Ivy:

Pressure
Puncture site
Blot every
Normal Value

A

Pressure - 40 mmHg
Puncture site - 5 cm below antecubital crease
Blot every - 30 seconds
Normal Value - 2.5 to 7 minutes

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21
Q

Method of Duke

Site
Normal Value

A

Site - Earlobe
Normal Value - 1 to 3 minutes

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22
Q

Prolonged results of bleeding time (BeT ni Von si TIA)

A

Bleeding Time Elevated:
Von Willebrand Disease
Thrombocytopenia
Inherited Platelet Dysfunction
Aspirin

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23
Q

Inhibits cyclo-oxygenase enzyme that may prevent the production of thromboxane A2 and prevent platelet aggregation

A

Aspirin

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24
Q

Capillary fragility test:

Pressure

A

80 mmHg for 5 minutes and rest for 15 minutes

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25
Positive CFT and its cause (TV)
>20 petechiae caused by Thrombocytopenia and Vascular Disorders
26
Small bruises found on the skin and is an indication of escape of blood from the capillaries
Petechiae
27
How many mL of blood should be obtained for clot retraction time? When to inspect for clot?
2 mL, inspect at 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours AFTER clotting
28
Clot retraction is a function of
microfilaments-- thrombasthenin
29
Quantitative platelets disorder under thrombocytopenia: corresponds to problems in the bone marrow
Decreased platelet production
30
Conditions where there is a decrease in platelet production
Congenital hypoplasia: Fanconi Acquired-drugs, chemotherapy, radiation, infiltration of BM by malignant cells, ineffective thrombopoiesis (platelet shedding), viral infections
31
Quantitative platelets disorder under thrombocytopenia: immunologic or drug induced
decreased platelet survival
32
Conditions where there is decreased platelet survival
Idiopathic Thombocytopenic purpura Quinine Post tranfusion purpura
33
anti-malarial drug that is allowing your body to produce antibodies towards the drug that mimics antigens in your platelets will results to lysis
quinine
34
Quantitative Platelet Disorder under Thrombocytopenia: Splenomegaly (1/3 splenic pool)
Increased splenic sequestration
35
Quantitative Platelet Disorder under Thrombocytopenia: Multiple transfusion because stored blood contains nonviable, dysfunctional platelets
Dilution of PLT count
36
Thrombocytosis is due to (MIS)
Myeloproliferative disorders Infection (septic) Splenectomy
37
Platelet adhesion defects
Bernard-soulier syndrome Von willebrand's disease
38
Autosomal recessive trait characterized by absence of DP Ib that is detected by in vitro aggregation test of platelets
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
39
Aggregation test of platelets is detected using what device
aggregometer
40
Autosomal recessive trait characterized by decreased or absence of GP IIb/IIIa
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
41
Platelet aggregation normal with ADP, epinephrine, collagen but abnormal with ristocetin
Bernard-soulier syndrome
42
Normal response only on ristocetin but abnormal with adp, epinephrine, collagen
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
43
Cyclooxygenase pathway inhibitor thus causing a defect in PLT aggregation.
Aspirin ingestion
44
Positive with vWD and BSS
ADP collagen epinephrine arachidonic acid
45
Negative with vWD and BSS
Ristocetin
46
Postive for vWD but negative for BSS
Ristocetin + VWF
47
Platelet secretion defects
Gray platelet syndrome Storage pool disorder
48
Absence of alpha granules. Platelets appear gray in wright stained smears.
Gray platelet syndrome
49
Diminished delta granules or dense bodies.
Storage pool disorder
50
Characterized by enlarged lysosomal vesicle in blood cells
chediak higashi syndrome
51
Autosomal recessive albanism
Hermanky-pudlak syndrome
51
X-linked recessive disease characterized by a triad of eczema, immune deficiency and thrombocytopenia
Wiskott-aldrich syndrome
52
Auto-immune disorders (like immune thrombocytopenic purpura) characterized by low platelet count but high MPV (mean platelet volume)
Giant platelet disorders
53
Giant platelet disorders are caused by
glycoprotein abnormalities: BSS alpha granules defect: gray platelet syndrome
54
Abnormal neutrophil inclusions
May Hegglin anomaly (MYH9 gene): Giant platelets, dohle bodies in WBC
55
Rare congenital bleeding disorder that is due to a defect in a platelet mechanism required for blood coagulation
scott syndome
56
Provides a binding site for plasma protein complexes that are involved in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Phosphatidylserine (PS)
57
plasma protein complexes involved in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Factor VIIIa-IXa (tenase) and Factor Va- Xa (promthrombinase)
58
Presence of bruising in the skin
Purpura
59
Hereditary vascular disorders
Hereditary Hemorrhagic telangectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber Syndrome) Ehler-Danlos syndrome
60
Missing elastin in the surrounding stroma of blood vessel
Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome
61
X-linked trait ascribed by defect in collagen production
Ehler-danlos syndrome
62
Characterized by normal bleeding and increased cft
Rendu-osler-weber
63
Characterized by prolonged bleeding time and cft
ehler-danolos syndrome
64
Acquired vascular disorders
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Senile purpura Scurvy Infections
65
Allergic purpura. Vasculitis mediated by immune complexes containing IgA antibodies
Henoch-schonlein purpura
66
Common in elderly men due to lack of collagen support from small blood vessel and loss of subcutaneous fat and elastic fibers
Senile purpura
67
Decreased synthesis of collagen and hyaluronic acid due to ascorbic acid (Vit C) deficiency.
Scurvy
68
Infections leading to acquired vascular disorders
meningococcemia rickettsial infections staphylococcal infections (endotoxin)
69

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