Platyhelminthes Flashcards
1
Q
They have no digestive tract and no circulatory system, they are also mostly hermaphroditic:
A
Cestodes
2
Q
True or False:
Uterus of D. latum at the center of the segment appears in the form of a circle
A
False
Uterus appears in the form of a ROSETTE
3
Q
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Uterus opens to the exterior through which eggs come out
A
Pseudophyllidea
4
Q
Beef Tapeworm
A
Taenia saginata
5
Q
Symptoms of T. saginata infection
A
- Hunger fangs
- Weakness
- Weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Pruritus
- Obstruction in intestine, bile, pancreatic ducts, and appendix (coz proglottids are actively motile)
6
Q
Armed Tapeworm of Man
A
Taenia solium
7
Q
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Viteline glands concentrated in a single mass
A
Order Cyclophyllidea
8
Q
3,000-4,000 proglottids
A
Diphyllobothrium latum
9
Q
Cestodes or Trematodes:
Requires 2 Intermediate Hosts to complete its life cycle
A
Trematodes
10
Q
Adult worms are white and semi-transparent
A
Taenia saginata
11
Q
Male and Female organs are not differentiated
A
Immature
12
Q
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Large or small worms consisting of chains of segments
A
Order Cyclophyllidea
13
Q
True or False:
Excretory and Nervous system are present
A
True
14
Q
Adult worm is yellowish-grey in color
A
Diphyllobothrium latum
15
Q
Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Absent Uterine Pore
A
Cyclophyllidean
16
Q
These are the arms to hold on to host
A
Rostellum
17
Q
Diagnosis for D. latum
A
Microscopic examination of feces for the characteristic operculated eggs
18
Q
Common name for Cestodes
A
Tapeworm
19
Q
Scolex is spoon-shaped or spatulate
A
Diphyllobothrium latum
20
Q
Measures 3-10 meters in length and has a life-span of 5-15 years
A
Diphyllobothrium latum
21
Q
True or False:
Gravid segments of T. saginata are expelled singly and force their way through the anal sphincter
A
True
22
Q
Dog Tapeworm (hydatid cyst)
A
Echinococcus granulosus
23
Q
Mature segment is filled with male and female reproductive organs
A
Strobila of Diphyllobothrium latum
24
Q
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
An apical rostellum with hooklets may be present
A
Order Cyclophyllidea
25
Has an oncosphere with 3 pairs of hooklets
Ova of T. saginata
26
They are collectively called "Flatworms"
Platyhelminthes
27
Disease/Infection caused by T. saginata
Taeniasis
28
Ciliated oncosphere that develops from egg in water
Coracidium
29
Common name for Trematodes
Flukes
30
Broad fish Tapeworm/Broad Tapeworm/Fish Tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum
31
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Eggs only escape from the rupture or disintegration of ripe segments
Order Cyclophyllidea
32
Unsegmented; leaf-like appearance
Trematodes
33
Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Eggs = Operculated; give rise to ciliated larvae
Pseudophyllidean
34
Vagina is provided with a sphincter muscle
Taenia saginata
35
True or False:
Sexes are not separate and body cavity is absent
True
36
True or False:
Majority of Tapeworms are long, segmented, and tape-like
True
37
Gravid proglottid consists of a uterus and a central longitudinal stem with 15 – 30 branches on each side
Taenia saginata
38
Treatment for T. saginata infection
Praziquantel (5-10mg/kg= single dose)
39
3 regions in an adult worms
1. Head/Scolex
2. Neck
3. Strobila (body/trunk)
40
Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Present Uterine Pore
Pseudophyllidean
41
True or False:
Gravid proglottid of D. latum contains 97,000 to 124,000 ova
False
| Taenia saginata gravid proglottid has 97,000-124,000 ova
42
True or False
A single egg of D.latum give rise to a single larva
True
43
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Larval development proceeds in 2 intermediate hosts; 1st larval stage = PROCERCOID, 2nd larval stage = PLEROCERCOID
Pseudophyllidea
44
1,000-2,000 proglottids
Taenia saginata
45
2 classes of Platyhelminthes
Cestodes and Trematodes
46
True or False:
Dried up segments of D. latum break off from the body in chains and are passed out in the host's feces
True
47
Uteri are filled with eggs (other organs are athropied or have dissapeared
Gravid
48
Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Uterus = May or may not be present
Cyclophyllidean
49
True or False:
Ova of T. saginata is infective only to cattle
True
50
Oval, Bile stained, contains abundant granules and unsegmented ovum
Ova of Diphyllobothrium latum
51
Highly branched proglottids
Taenia saginata
52
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
"head" has 2 slit-like sucking grooves called *bothria* instead of suckers
Pseudophyllidea
53
True or False:
Free gravid proglottid of Taenia saginata crawls out of the anal orifice and oviposits on the perianal skin
True
54
True or False:
Platyhelminthes are dorsally flattened and bilaterally asymmetrical
False
| They are dorsally flattened and bilaterally symmetrical
55
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Uterine glands are widely scattered in the parenchyma and is composed of many acini
Pseudophyllidea
56
Head is invaginated in the neck, found in the fresh water fish
Plerocercoid
57
True or False:
Terminal segments of D. latum shrink and becomes empty as eggs are constantly discharged
True
58
True or False:
Each proglottid have only female portion
False
| Each proglottid has male and female portion
59
Common genital pore is marginally situated
Taenia saginata
60
Covered by a membrane called:
Tegument
61
True or False:
Female organs appear first
False
| Male organs appear first
62
Infective stage of Diphyllobothrium latum
Plerocercoid larvae
63
Mode of Infection for T. saginata
Eating beef containing Cysticercus bovis
64
Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Common genital pore = Ventral, in the midline
Pseudophyllidean
65
Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Head/scolex = Bears 2 slit-like grooves
Pseudophyllidean
66
Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Eggs = Not operculated; do not give rise to ciliated larvae
Cyclophyllidean
67
Cestodes or Trematodes:
Some require 2 Intermediate Hosts to complete its life cycle
Cestodes
68
True or False:
Eggs of T. saginata are resistant and remain viable for a week
False
| Eggs of T. saginatacare resistant and remain viable for 8 weeks
69
Infection caused by Diphyllobothrium latum
Diphyllobothriasis, Gastrointestinal disturbances, and Anemia
70
Diagnosis of T. saginata infection
* Identifying characteristic eggs, proglottids, or scolex
* Usual specimen is gravid proglottids (15-20 lateral branches)
* Concentration techniques for eggs ( eggs rarely passed out in stool)
* Perianal swabs
71
Scolex has no rostellum and no hooklets
Diphyllobothrium latum
72
Inconspicuous operculum at one end and a small knob at the other end
Ova of Diphyllobothrium latum
73
Neck is thin and unsegmented and is much longer than the head
Diphyllobothrium latum
74
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Eggs are not operculated and can develop only in the intermediate host, fully embryonated
Order Cyclophyllidea
75
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
No uterine opening for the exit of eggs from the gravid uterus
Order Cyclophyllidea
76
Segmented; ribbon-like appearance
Cestodes
77
Which of the following is/are not classified under Order Pseudophyllidea?
a. Diphyllobothrium latum
b. Taenia spp.
c. Dipylidium caninum
d. Sparganum mansoni
e. S. raranum and S. erinaceid
b. Taenia spp.
c. Dipylidium caninum
| They are classified under Order Cyclophylidea
78
True or False:
Alimentary canal is present
False
| Alimentary canal is ENTIRELY ABSENT
79
Cat & Dog Tapeworm
Dipylidium caninum
80
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Larval development proceeds in one intermediate host
Order Cyclophyllidea
81
Rat Tapeworm
Hymenolepis diminuta
82
Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Common genital pore = Lateral
Cyclophyllidean
83
Infective form of T. saginata
Cysticercus bovis
84
True or False:
Ova of D.latum is infective to man
False
| Not infective to man
85
Final host of D. latum
Man, Dog, Cat (in the small intestine)
86
Criteria for cure (T. saginata infection)
* Recovery of the scolex
* Negative stool examination 3 months after treatment
87
Final Host of Taenia saginata
Man
88
Male and Female organs have become differentiated
Mature
89
True or False:
Cestodes are found in the blood, liver, lungs, intestines, and pancreas
False
| Cestodes are mostly found in the small intestine
90
Hermaphrodites except for:
Shistosoma
91
They have incomplete digestive tract and no circulatory system:
Trematodes
92
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Oncosphere is never a ciliated embryo
Order Cyclophyllidea
93
True or False:
Oncosphere/Hexacanth embryo
True
94
First intermediate host of D.latum
Cyclops or Diaptomus
95
Dwarf Tapeworm
Hymenolepis nana
96
Inner embryophore is brown, thick walled and radially striated
Ova of T. saginata
97
Pork Tapeworm
Taenia solium
98
General Size
varies from a few mm to several meters
99
Signs and Symptoms for D. latum infection
* Abdominal pain
* Fatigue
* Vomiting
* Dizziness
* Weight loss
* Vit. 12 deficiency w/ pernicious anemia and intestinal obstruction (in severe cases)
100
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Genital pores are on the ventral surface of the segment and are not marginal
Pseudophyllidea
101
True or False:
Strobila consist of a series of segment called proglottids
True
102
103
Unarmed Tapeworm of Man
Taenia saginata
104
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Large worms consisting of a long chain of segments
Pseudophyllidea
105
Intermediate hosts of T. saginata
Cattle, Cow, Buffalo
106
Prevention/Control for D. latum infection
* Properly cooked fresh water fishes
* Freezing for 24-48 hours at -18deg C (kill plerocercoid)
* Proper disposal of sewage and marketing of fish
107
First larval stage of Order Pseudophyllidea is called:
Coracidium
108
Spindle-like body with cephalic invagination, found inside the cyclops
Procercoid
109
Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Uterus = No branching, convoluted uterine tubes asssume the form of ROSETTES
Pseudophyllidean
110
Measures about 5-10 meters or sometimes up to 25 meters and has a life-span of up to 10 years or more
Taenia saginata
111
True or False:
Ova of D. latum floats in saturated solutions of common salt
False
| Ova of D. latum do NOT float in saturated solutions of common salt
112
Has dark central markings in the strobila due to the egg-filled uterus
Diphyllobothrium latum
113
Where do adult worms found?
Intestinsl canal of man and animals
114
Second intermediate host of D. latum
Fresh water fish, pike, trout, salmon, perch
115
True or False:
Male organs appear last
False
| Male organs appear FIRST
116
Only cestode with AQUATIC LIFE CYCLE
Diphyllobothrium latum
117
Mode of infection for Diphyllobothrium latum
Ingestion of imperfectly cooked infected fish or roe containing plerocercoid larvae
118
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Common genital pore is marginal (on lateral side of segment)
Order Cyclophyllidea
119
Pseudophyllidean or Cyclophyllidean:
Head/Scolex = Bears 4 cup-like suckers
Cyclophyllidean
120
True or False:
Ova of T. saginata floats in saturated salt solutions
False
| Ova of T. saginata does NOT float in saturated salt solutions
121
Ova of this parasite has no uterine opening and has spherical, thin, outer transparent shell
Taenia saginata
122
Treatment for D. latum infection
Praziquantel (5-10 mg/kg)
123
Class and Order of Cestodes
Class: Cestoda
Order: Pseudophyllidea
124
Serves as the organs of attachment
Scolex
125
Which of the following is/are under the Order Cyclophylidea?
a. Taenia spp.
b. Diphyllobothrium latum
c. S. mansoni
d. Dipylidium caninum
e. S. raranum
f. Hymenolepis nana & Hymenolepis diminuta
g. Echinococcus granulosus
h. S. erinaceid
i. Raillietina garrisoni
a. Taenia spp.
d. Dipylidium caninum
f. Hymenolepis nana & Hymenolepis diminuta
g. Echinococcus granulosus
i. Raillietina garrisoni
126
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Scolex is quadrate with 4 cup-like round suckers
Order Cyclophyllidea
127
Second larval stage of Order Pseudophyllidea is called:
Procercoid
128
Mature and can produce egg
Gravid
129
True or False:
Trematodes are mostly found in the small intestine
False
| Trematodes are found in the blood, liver, lungs, intestines, pancreas
130
True or False:
3 types of segments of the strobila can be recognized from the front backwards
True
131
True or False:
"Tail" or scolex is provided with suckers and sometimes with hooks
False
| Scolex is the "Head"
132
Scolex bears 2 slit-like grooves called "bothria" (1-dorsal, 1-ventral)
Diphyllobothrium latum
133
Larva of this parasite is passed first in water and then in the respective intermediate hosts
Diphyllobothrium latum larva
134
True or False:
Reproductive system is present but incomplete in each segment
False
| Reproductive system is PRESENT and COMPLETE in each segment
135
Liberated by rupture of ripe proglottids
Ova of Taenia saginata
136
Ova is passed out in the host's feces in large numbers
Ova or Diphyllobothrium latum
137
Order Pseudophyllidea or Order Cyclophyllidea:
Eggs are operculated and can develop ONLY IN WATER; immature when oviposited and oncosphere give rise to ciliated embryo
Pseudophyllidea
138
