Pleura and Lungs

Question 1

What are the 2 divisions of the pulmonary cavity

Answer 1

1. Right hemi-thorax

2. Left hemi-thorax

Question 2

What is the function of a serous membrane

Answer 2

It produces a small amount of fluid to lubricate movement of an organ within the cavity

Question 3

What is the serous membrane called in the pulmonary cavities

Answer 3

Pleura

Question 4

What are the 2 different types of pleura

Answer 4

1. Parietal pleura

2. Visceral pleura

Question 5

What does the parietal pleura line and what are the 4 different sections/parts

Answer 5

It lines the pulmonary cavity

1. Cervical
2. Costal
3. Diaphragmatic
4. Mediastinal

Question 6

What does the visceral pleura line

Answer 6

It covers the surface of the lung

Question 7

What is the pulmonary ligament

Answer 7

Sleeve of pleura that hangs down below the lung root

Question 8

What is endothoracic fascia and what is its function

Answer 8

It is a layer of connective tissue that attaches the costal parietal pleura to the thoracic wall

Question 9

What is the suprapleural membrane and where does it attach

Answer 9

It is a tough fibrous membrane that attaches to the 1st rib and the transverse process of C7

Question 10

What is the function of the suprapleural membrane

Answer 10

It stops the lungs inflating beyond their boundary within the pulmonary cavity

Question 11

Where will parietal pleura always be in relation to visceral pleura

Answer 11

It will always be 2 ribs below

Question 12

What is created when parietal pleura extends over the dome of the diaphragm

Answer 12

Costodiaphragmatic recesses

Question 13

Where are costomediastinal recesses found

Answer 13

Posterior to the sternum

Question 14

What is the superior section of a lung called

Answer 14

The apex

Question 15

Name the 3 surfaces of the lungs

Answer 15

1. Mediastinal
2. Diaphragmatic
3. Costal

Question 16

Name the 3 borders of the lungs

Answer 16

1. Anterior
2. Posterior
3. Inferior

Question 17

How many lobes does the right lung tend to have, and name them

Answer 17

1. Superior
2. Middle
3. Inferior

Question 18

How many lobes does the left lung tend to have, and name them

Answer 18

1. Superior

2. Inferior

Question 19

What is the fissure between the superior and inferior lobes

Answer 19

Oblique fissue

Question 20

What is the fissure between the superior and middle lobes

Answer 20

Horizontal fissure

Question 21

What are the 4 main impressions of the posterior section of the right lung

Answer 21

1. Cardiac impression (right atrium)
2. SVC
3. Arch of azygous
4. Oesophagus

Question 22

Name the 3 lobar bronchi of the right hilum

Answer 22

1. Superior lobar bronchus
2. Middle lobar bronchus
3. Inferior lobar bronchus

Question 23

Where do pulmonary arteries tend to be located in the hilum

Answer 23

Fairly superiorly

Question 24

Where do pulmonary veins tend to be located in the hilum

Answer 24

Always most anterior and most inferior

Question 25

What lymph nodes are found in the hilum

Answer 25

Broncho-pulmonary

Question 26

What are the 3 main impressions of the posterior section of the left lung

Answer 26

1. Arch of aorta and the descending aorta 2. Cardiac impression (huge) 3. Left subclavian artery

Question 27

What is the lingula

Answer 27

A small projection (anterior and inferior) created because of the left ventricle pushing against the lung

Question 28

Where does the bronchus tend to be located in the hilum

Answer 28

Posteriorly

Question 29

Where does the phrenic nerve run in relation to the hilum

Answer 29

Anterior to the hilum

Question 30

Where does the vagus nerve run in relation to the hilum

Answer 30

Posterior to the hilum and will be closely associated with the oesophagus

Question 31

What do the right and left bronchi branch into

Answer 31

Lobar bronchi; right has 3, left has 2 | Then further into segmental bronchi

Question 32

How many segments of segmental bronchi does the left lung contain

Answer 32

4 in the superior lobe, and 4 in the inferior lobe

Question 33

How many segments of segmental bronchi does the right lung contain

Answer 33

3 in the superior lobe, 2 in the middle lobe, and 5 in the inferior lobe

Question 34

What arises from segmental bronchi

Answer 34

Bronchioles

Question 35

Name the 3 different bronchioles

Answer 35

1. Conducting 2. Terminal 3. Respiratory (further segmentation)

Question 36

What arises from respiratory bronchioles

Answer 36

Alveolar ducts with small alveolar sacs which contain the capillary plexus

Question 37

What lymphatic nodes are located inside the lung tissue

Answer 37

Pulmonary nodes

Question 38

What nodes are associated with the trachea

Answer 38

Paratracheal nodes

Question 39

What nodes are located at the carina

Answer 39

1. Superior tracheobronchial nodes | 2. Inferior tracheobronchial nodes

Question 40

What nodes are associated with the bronchi

Answer 40

Bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes